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Jihad as Obligation (Fard): Difference between revisions
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Depending on the school of Islamic thought, [[jihad]] is classified either as an ''individual duty'' (فرض العين fard al-'ayn) (obligatory for all Muslims) or a ''sufficiency duty'' (فرض الكفائي fard al-kifaya) (community responsibility). Scholarly discussions of these two views revolve especially around {{Quran|2|216}} and {{Quran|9|122}}.<ref>Reuven Firestone, ''Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam'', New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 60-61</ref> | Depending on the school of Islamic thought, [[jihad]] is classified either as an ''individual duty'' (فرض العين fard al-'ayn) (obligatory for all Muslims) or a ''sufficiency duty'' (فرض الكفائي fard al-kifaya) (community responsibility). Scholarly discussions of these two views revolve especially around {{Quran|2|216}} and {{Quran|9|122}}.<ref>Reuven Firestone, ''Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam'', New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 60-61</ref> | ||
Modern voices differentiate between a ''personal'' "greater jihad" and a military "lesser jihad." This dichotomy does not appear in classical or early Islamic literature or scripture, which refer to jihad largely as a doctrine of military conquest. Some have additionally argued that references to "internal struggle" in early Islamic literature are metaphorically used, making jihad an exclusively military concept. | Modern Muslims voices often differentiate between a ''personal'' "greater jihad" and a military "lesser jihad." This dichotomy does not appear in classical or early Islamic literature or scripture, which refer to jihad largely as a doctrine of military conquest. Some have additionally argued that references to "internal struggle" in early Islamic literature are metaphorically used, making jihad an exclusively military concept. | ||
==Scholars== | ==Scholars== | ||