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→Reasons for the Third Marriage
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Zaynab married Zayd.<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918; ‘‘Tafsir Al-Jalalayn’’.</ref> | Zaynab married Zayd.<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918; ‘‘Tafsir Al-Jalalayn’’.</ref> | ||
=== | ===Third Marriage=== | ||
====Divorce from Zayd==== | |||
Muhammad came to visit Zayd. A gust of wind blew aside the hairskin curtain that served as his front door, giving Muhammad a full view of Zaynab dressed only in her shift. She pulled on an over-gown, advising Muhammad that Zayd was not at home but he was welcome to visit. Muhammad stood still, staring at Zaynab's movements, and repeating to himself, “Praise be to Allah, who turns around hearts!”<ref>Tabari 39:181.</ref> | Muhammad came to visit Zayd. A gust of wind blew aside the hairskin curtain that served as his front door, giving Muhammad a full view of Zaynab dressed only in her shift. She pulled on an over-gown, advising Muhammad that Zayd was not at home but he was welcome to visit. Muhammad stood still, staring at Zaynab's movements, and repeating to himself, “Praise be to Allah, who turns around hearts!”<ref>Tabari 39:181.</ref> | ||
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Zayd divorced Zaynab.<ref> Bukhari 93:516; Tabari 39:181.</ref> | Zayd divorced Zaynab.<ref> Bukhari 93:516; Tabari 39:181.</ref> | ||
====Difficulties with Third Marriage | |||
When men with more than four wives became Muslims, Muhammad made them divorce the extras, although they were allowed to choose which four they would keep.<ref>Abu Dawud 12:2233; Tirmizi 945.</ref> | When men with more than four wives became Muslims, Muhammad made them divorce the extras, although they were allowed to choose which four they would keep.<ref>Abu Dawud 12:2233; Tirmizi 945.</ref> | ||
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The Arabs considered a daughter-in-law almost as taboo as a biological daughter. So Allah sent down another revelation that abolished adoption, therefore ruling that Zayd had never been his son and Zaynab had never been his daughter-in-law.<ref>Q33:37, 40; see also Ibn Kathir’s commentary.</ref> | The Arabs considered a daughter-in-law almost as taboo as a biological daughter. So Allah sent down another revelation that abolished adoption, therefore ruling that Zayd had never been his son and Zaynab had never been his daughter-in-law.<ref>Q33:37, 40; see also Ibn Kathir’s commentary.</ref> | ||
On the same day Zaynab’s waiting-period ended, Muhammad fell into a prophetic trance, then announced to Ayesha: “Someone must go to tell Zaynab the good news! Allah from above has just married her to me!” Ayesha was “distressed by both immediate and potential troubles, having heard of Zaynab’s beauty.”<ref>Tabari 39:181.</ref> | ====Reasons for Third Marriage==== | ||
'''Divine Mandate'''. On the same day Zaynab’s waiting-period ended, Muhammad fell into a prophetic trance, then announced to Ayesha: “Someone must go to tell Zaynab the good news! Allah from above has just married her to me!” Ayesha was “distressed by both immediate and potential troubles, having heard of Zaynab’s beauty.”<ref>Tabari 39:181.</ref> | |||
Zayd was dispatched as messenger. He found Zaynab kneading bread, and her face was so radiant that he could not look at her while he delivered Allah’s message.<ref>Muslim 8:3330.</ref> | Zayd was dispatched as messenger. He found Zaynab kneading bread, and her face was so radiant that he could not look at her while he delivered Allah’s message.<ref>Muslim 8:3330.</ref> | ||
The Qur’an refers to her story: “So when Zayd had done as he wished in divorcing her, We married her to you.”<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918; Bukhari 93:516; Muslim 1:338 f 358.</ref> | The Qur’an refers to her story: “So when Zayd had done as he wished in divorcing her, We married her to you.”<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918; Bukhari 93:516; Muslim 1:338 f 358.</ref> | ||
There was social criticism.<ref>Tabari 39:9</ref> | There was social criticism.<ref>Tabari 39:9</ref> | ||
'''Need to Abolish Adoption'''. | |||
'''Need to Save Zaynab's Reputation'''. | |||
'''Need to Recompense Zaynab'''. | |||
'''Passion'''. “This may be regarded as one of the Prophet's love-stories.”<ref></ref> | |||
====The Wedding==== | |||
Muhammad married Zaynab in late March 627 when he was 55 and she was about 37.<ref>Tabari 39:181.</ref> | |||
Muhammad hosted for Zaynab the most lavish wedding banquet that he ever gave: he slaughtered a sheep and served a huge dish of date pudding. Seventy guests ate until they were stuffed and there was food left over.<ref>Bukhari 62:84, 92, 97, 100; Muslim 8:3331, 3328; Bewley/Ibn Saad 8:76.</ref> | Muhammad hosted for Zaynab the most lavish wedding banquet that he ever gave: he slaughtered a sheep and served a huge dish of date pudding. Seventy guests ate until they were stuffed and there was food left over.<ref>Bukhari 62:84, 92, 97, 100; Muslim 8:3331, 3328; Bewley/Ibn Saad 8:76.</ref> | ||
Two of the wedding guests sat around talking long after Muhammad gestured that the party was over. Allah sent down a revelation: “O Believers! Do not come to dinner in the Prophet’s houses without an invitation; do not arrive before the meal is ready, and do not sit around talking after you have eaten. This annoys the Prophet; he is too shy to ask you to leave, but Allah is not shy of telling the truth...”<ref> Q33:53; Bukhari 60:314, 315, 316, 317; 62:84, 92; 65:375; 74:256, 288; Muslim 8:3333, 3334, 3336.</ref> | Two of the wedding guests sat around talking long after Muhammad gestured that the party was over. Allah sent down a revelation: “O Believers! Do not come to dinner in the Prophet’s houses without an invitation; do not arrive before the meal is ready, and do not sit around talking after you have eaten. This annoys the Prophet; he is too shy to ask you to leave, but Allah is not shy of telling the truth...”<ref> Q33:53; Bukhari 60:314, 315, 316, 317; 62:84, 92; 65:375; 74:256, 288; Muslim 8:3333, 3334, 3336.</ref> | ||
====Subsequent Career of Zayd==== | |||
Zayd married Umm Kulthum bint Uqba al-Umayyiya, a woman even more aristocratic than Zaynab and twenty years younger. Muhammad ordered this marriage. She bore him his son Zayd and his daughter Ruqayya. Given the short duration of the marriage, they were probably twins. Some say he divorced her. | |||
Zayd married Fakhita Durra bint Abi Lahab al-Hashimiya. He soon afterwards divorced her. | |||
Zayd married Hind bint Al-Awwam al-Asadiya. | |||
Zayd commanded the Muslim army at the Battle of Muta in 629 and was among the first to be killed there. | |||
===Relationship with Muhammad=== | ===Relationship with Muhammad=== | ||