Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception: Difference between revisions

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Lying in general, as well as in specific situations such as commercial transactions is condemned in various hadiths, and the Qur'an tells believers to shun liars, to not bear false witness, and condemns various groups for (allegedly) lying about Allah and Muhammad. Lying is generally also considered a sin for believers and truthfulness a virtue by Islamic jurists, though certain exceptions are permitted.
A famous hadith states, "Telling of truth is a virtue and virtue leads to Paradise and the servant who endeavours to tell the truth is recorded as truthful, and lie is obscenity and obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the servant who endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a liar.".
The tradition does however record Muhammad allowing a companion to lie in order to assassinate Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf. When it came to warfare hadiths recording his saying: "war is deceit." This is of course a strategem of war that has been employed across the ages and cultures of the world. The Quran calls Allah al-Haqq (The Truth, e.g. {{Quran|22|6}}), though some consider this ironic as Allah himself is recorded as being "the best deceiver" when he rescued Muhammad from the plotting of the disbelievers, and as leading those he disapproves of to the fire; in fact, according to the doctrine of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination|qadr]] all those who go to hell are deliberately decieved by Allah into this final doom. A few verses permit believers to hide their faith when under threat. This was of great use a few centuries later when Shia Muslims were persecuted by the Abbasids. However, it has never been understood as a general dispensation to lie (as explained in the article [[Taqiyya]]).
==Qur'an==
==Qur'an==
===Shun lying speech===
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|30}}|That (is the command). And whoso magnifieth the sacred things of Allah, it will be well for him in the sight of his Lord. The cattle are lawful unto you save that which hath been told you. So shun the filth of idols, and shun lying speech}}
===Do not testify to falsehood===
{{Quote|{{Quran|25|72}}|And [they are] those who do not testify to falsehood, and when they pass near ill speech, they pass by with dignity.}}
===Believers are the truthful===
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|17}}|The steadfast, and the truthful, and the obedient, those who spend (and hoard not), those who pray for pardon in the watches of the night.}}


===Allah===
===Allah===
===="Best Deceiver"====
===="Best Deceiver"====


The Qur'an openly states many times that Allah is the "best deceiver". All literal translations are referenced from ''islamicnature.com'', a pro-Islamic Muslim website.
Contrasting Allah's plotting with that of the disbelievers when he rescued Muhammad from them, the Qur'an states in a few verses that Allah is the "best deceiver", for more info on this idea see: [[Allah the Best Deceiver]].<nowiki></ref></nowiki>


{{quote |{{Qtt|3|54}}|
{{quote |{{Qtt|3|54}}|
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'''Literal:''' And those from before them had cheated/deceived/schemed, so to God (is) all the cheatery/deceit/scheme. He knows what every self gains/acquires , and the disbelievers will know to whom (is) the house's/home's end/turn (result).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/13/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 13. Ar-Ra'd - The Thunder (سورة الرعد) - Revealed in Makkah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}
'''Literal:''' And those from before them had cheated/deceived/schemed, so to God (is) all the cheatery/deceit/scheme. He knows what every self gains/acquires , and the disbelievers will know to whom (is) the house's/home's end/turn (result).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/13/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 13. Ar-Ra'd - The Thunder (سورة الرعد) - Revealed in Makkah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}


====Created Christianity Through Deception====
====Allah made it appear that Jesus was crucified====
 
It is commonly pointed out by critics that, according to a common interpretation of the verse, Allah would have effectively conspired in the creation of Christianity by misleadingly making Jesus appear to have been crucified when he was not.


{{Quote|{{Quran-range|4|157|158}}|That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah";- '''but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them''', and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not:- '''Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself'''; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise;- }}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|4|157|158}}|That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah";- '''but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them''', and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not:- '''Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself'''; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise;- }}


====Deceived Muslims====
====Allah made the enemy seem few to the Muslims at Badr====


{{Quote|{{Quran-range|8|43|44}}| Remember in thy dream '''Allah showed them to thee as few: if He had shown them to thee as many, ye would surely have been discouraged''', and ye would surely have disputed in (your) decision; but Allah saved (you): for He knoweth well the (secrets) of (all) hearts. And remember when ye met, He showed them to you as few in your eyes, and He made you appear as contemptible in their eyes: that Allah might accomplish a matter already enacted. For to Allah do all questions go back (for decision). }}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|8|43|44}}| Remember in thy dream '''Allah showed them to thee as few: if He had shown them to thee as many, ye would surely have been discouraged''', and ye would surely have disputed in (your) decision; but Allah saved (you): for He knoweth well the (secrets) of (all) hearts. And remember when ye met, He showed them to you as few in your eyes, and He made you appear as contemptible in their eyes: that Allah might accomplish a matter already enacted. For to Allah do all questions go back (for decision). }}


===Breaking Oaths===
===Failing to Keep Oaths===


The Qur'an tells us that Allah will not call Muslims to account for what is "futile in their oaths", and deliberately breaking oaths is not much of a problem because they will be forgiven if they fast for three days.
The Qur'an tells us that Allah will not call Muslims to account for what is "futile in their oaths". They will be forgiven if they fast for three days.


{{Quote|{{Quran|2|225}}|'''Allah will not call you to account for thoughtlessness in your oaths''', but for the intention in your hearts; and He is Oft-forgiving, Most Forbearing. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|225}}|'''Allah will not call you to account for thoughtlessness in your oaths''', but for the intention in your hearts; and He is Oft-forgiving, Most Forbearing. }}
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{{Quote|{{Quran|5|89}}|'''Allah will not call you to account for what is futile in your oaths''', but He will call you to account for your deliberate oaths: for expiation, feed ten indigent persons, on a scale of the average for the food of your families; or clothe them; or give a slave his freedom. If that is beyond your means, '''fast for three days. That is the expiation for the oaths ye have sworn'''. But keep to your oaths. Thus doth Allah make clear to you His signs, that ye may be grateful.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|89}}|'''Allah will not call you to account for what is futile in your oaths''', but He will call you to account for your deliberate oaths: for expiation, feed ten indigent persons, on a scale of the average for the food of your families; or clothe them; or give a slave his freedom. If that is beyond your means, '''fast for three days. That is the expiation for the oaths ye have sworn'''. But keep to your oaths. Thus doth Allah make clear to you His signs, that ye may be grateful.}}


===Taqiyya===
{{Quote|{{Quran|66|2}}|'''Allah has already ordained for you, (O men), the dissolution of your oaths''' (in some cases): and Allah is your Protector, and He is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom. }}
The words "in some cases" of the above verse are not present in the original Arabic text. So this verse could even be giving Muslims a carte blanche to break oaths.
 
===Hiding faith when under threat===
<i>Main article, [[Taqiyya]]</i>


The following Qur'anic verses form the basis of the mainly shi'ite doctrine of taqiyya, although, as you will see in the section on Sunni scholars, it is not limited to the Shi'ite sect.
The following Qur'anic verses form the basis of the mainly Shi'ite doctrine of [[taqiyya]], although, as you will see in the section on Sunni scholars, some Sunnis have endorsed the practice as well. The idea behind taqiyya is that Muslim can hide their faith to preserve their life in the face of religious oppression.  


{{Quote|{{Quran|3|28}}|Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: '''except by way of precaution''', that ye may Guard yourselves from them. But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|28}}|Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: '''except by way of precaution''', that ye may Guard yourselves from them. But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah.}}
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===Sahih Bukhari===
===Sahih Bukhari===
====Truthfulness is a virtue, and lying is a sin that leads to hellfire====
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|116}}|
Narrated `Abdullah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Truthfulness leads to righteousness, and righteousness leads to Paradise. And a man keeps on telling the truth until he becomes a truthful person. Falsehood leads to Al-Fajur (i.e. wickedness, evil-doing), and Al-Fajur (wickedness) leads to the (Hell) Fire, and a man may keep on telling lies till he is written before Allah, a liar."}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|662}}| Narrated Abdullah bin Umar: Two men came from the East and addressed the people who wondered at their eloquent speeches. On that '''Allah's Apostle said 'Some eloquent speech is as effective as magic'''.'}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|662}}| Narrated Abdullah bin Umar: Two men came from the East and addressed the people who wondered at their eloquent speeches. On that '''Allah's Apostle said 'Some eloquent speech is as effective as magic'''.'}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|147}}|Narrated Sahl bin Sad As-Sa'idi: ...Allah's Apostle said, "A man may seem to the people as if he were practising the deeds of the people of Paradise while in fact he is from the people of the Hell) Fire, '''another may seem to the people as if he were practicing the deeds of the people of Hell (Fire), while in fact he is from the people of Paradise'''."}}
====Forged speech invalidates fasting====
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|31|127|}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|408}}|Narrated Al-Bara: When the Prophet intended to perform the 'Umra he sent a person to the people of Mecca asking their permission to enter Mecca. They stipulated that he would not stay for more than three days and would not enter it except with sheathed arms and would not preach (Islam) to any of them. So Ali bin Abi-Talib started writing the treaty between them. He wrote, "This is what Muhammad, Apostle of Allah has agreed to." The (Meccans) said, "If we knew that you (Muhammad) are the Apostle of Allah, then we would not have prevented you and would have followed you. But write, 'This is what Muhammad bin 'Abdullah has agreed to..' " On that Allah's Apostle said, "By Allah, I am Muhammad bin 'Abdullah, and, by Allah, I am Apostle of 'Allah." Allah's Apostle used not to write; so he asked 'Ali to erase the expression of Apostle of Allah. On that 'Ali said, "By Allah I will never erase it." Allah's Apostle said (to 'Ali), "Let me see the paper." When 'Ali showed him the paper,''' the Prophet erased the expression with his own hand.''' When Allah's Apostle had entered Mecca and three days had elapsed, the Meccans came to 'Ali and said, "Let your friend (i.e. the Prophet) quit Mecca." Ali informed Allah's Apostle about it and Allah's Apostle said, "Yes," and then he departed. }}
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his leaving his food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)"}}


====Breaking Oaths====
====Lying, breaking promises and betrayal are signs of a hypocrite====


In Sahih Bukhari we find narrations telling us Prophet Muhammad had said if he took an oath and later found something else better, he would do "what is better" and expiate his oath.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|117|}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|67|427}}|
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The signs of a hypocrite are three: Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie; and whenever he promises, he breaks his promise; and whenever he is entrusted, he betrays (proves to be dishonest)".}}


Narrated Zahdam:
====Only truthful transactions are blessed by Allah but not if they lie or conceal anything====


We were in the company of Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari and there were friendly relations between us and this tribe of Jarm. Abu Musa was presented with a dish containing chicken. Among the people there was sitting a red-faced man who did not come near the food. Abu Musa said (to him), "Come on (and eat), for I have seen Allah's Apostle eating of it (i.e. chicken)." He said, "I have seen it eating something (dirty) and since then I have disliked it, and have taken an oath that I shall not eat it ' Abu Musa said, "Come on, I will tell you (or narrate to you). Once I went to Allah s Apostle with a group of Al-Ash'ariyin, and met him while he was angry, distributing some camels of Rakat. We asked for mounts but he took an oath that he would not give us any mounts, and added, 'I have nothing to mount you on' In the meantime some camels of booty were brought to Allah's Apostle and he asked twice, 'Where are Al-Ash'ariyin?" So he gave us five white camels with big humps. We stayed for a short while (after we had covered a little distance), and then I said to my companions, "Allah's Apostle has forgotten his oath. By Allah, if we do not remind Allah's Apostle of his oath, we will never be successful." So we returned to the Prophet and said, '''"O Allah's Apostle! We asked you for mounts, but you took an oath that you would not give us any mounts; we think that you have forgotten your oath.'''' He said, 'It is Allah Who has given you mounts. '''By Allah, and Allah willing, if I take an oath and later find something else better than that. then I do what is better and expiate my oath.'''' "}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|293}}|Narrated Hakim bin Hizam:


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|89|260}}|
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The seller and the buyer have the right to keep or return goods as long as they have not parted or till they part; and if both the parties spoke the truth and described the defects and qualities (of the goods), then they would be blessed in their transaction, and if they told lies or hid something, then the blessings of their transaction would be lost."}}
Narrated 'Abdur-Rahman bin Samura:


The Prophet said, "O 'Abdur-Rahman! Do not seek to be a ruler, for if you are given authority on your demand then you will be held responsible for it, but if you are given it without asking (for it), then you will be helped (by Allah) in it. '''If you ever take an oath to do something and later on you find that something else is better, then you should expiate your oath and do what is better.'''"}}
====Peace-making====


Since determining what is "better" is a very subjective evaluation, one can break any agreement with anyone at any time they choose to do so just based on one's perception of what is "better".
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|49|857}}|Narrated Um Kulthum bint Uqba:
 
That she heard Allah's Apostle saying, "'''He who makes peace between the people by inventing good information or saying good things, is not a liar'''."}}


====War is Deceit====
====War is Deceit====
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The Prophet said, "'''War is deceit'''."}}
The Prophet said, "'''War is deceit'''."}}


====Not Restricted to War====
====Assassinating an enemy====
 
In the following hadiths, Muhammad permits one of his companions to lie in order to kill Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, a Jewish poet who wrote an anti-Muslim poem which offended him.  
Muslims often claim lying in Islam is restricted to its use in war, but in the following hadiths, Muhammad permits a Muslim to lie in order to kill Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, a Jewish poet who wrote an anti-Muslim poem which offended him.  


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|271}}|"Narrated Jabir : The Prophet said, ‘Who is ready to kill Ka’b bin Ashraf (i.e. a Jew).’ Muhammad bin Maslama replied, ‘Do you like me to kill him?’ The Prophet replied in the affirmative.''' Muhammad bin Maslama said, ‘Then allow me to say what I like.’ The Prophet replied ‘I do (i.e. allow you).’'''"}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|271}}|"Narrated Jabir : The Prophet said, ‘Who is ready to kill Ka’b bin Ashraf (i.e. a Jew).’ Muhammad bin Maslama replied, ‘Do you like me to kill him?’ The Prophet replied in the affirmative.''' Muhammad bin Maslama said, ‘Then allow me to say what I like.’ The Prophet replied ‘I do (i.e. allow you).’'''"}}
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|369}}|Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: Allah's Apostle said, '''"Who is willing to kill Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf who has hurt Allah and His Apostle?" Thereupon Muhammad bin Maslama got up saying, "O Allah's Apostle! Would you like that I kill him?" The Prophet said, "Yes," Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Then allow me to say a (false) thing (i.e. to deceive Kab). "The Prophet said, "You may say it."''' Then Muhammad bin Maslama went to Kab and said, "That man (i.e. Muhammad demands Sadaqa (i.e. Zakat) from us, and he has troubled us, and I have come to borrow something from you." On that, Kab said, "By Allah, you will get tired of him!" Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Now as we have followed him, we do not want to leave him unless and until we see how his end is going to be. Now we want you to lend us a camel load or two of food." (Some difference between narrators about a camel load or two.) Kab said, "Yes, (I will lend you), but you should mortgage something to me." Muhammad bin Mas-lama and his companion said, "What do you want?" Ka'b replied, "Mortgage your women to me." They said, "How can we mortgage our women to you and you are the most handsome of the 'Arabs?" Ka'b said, "Then mortgage your sons to me." They said, "How can we mortgage our sons to you? Later they would be abused by the people's saying that so-and-so has been mortgaged for a camel load of food. That would cause us great disgrace, but we will mortgage our arms to you." Muhammad bin Maslama and his companion promised Kab that Muhammad would return to him. He came to Kab at night along with Kab's foster brother, Abu Na'ila. Kab invited them to come into his fort, and then he went down to them. His wife asked him, "Where are you going at this time?" Kab replied, "None but Muhammad bin Maslama and my (foster) brother Abu Na'ila have come." His wife said, "I hear a voice as if dropping blood is from him, Ka'b said. "They are none but my brother Muhammad bin Maslama and my foster brother Abu Naila. A generous man should respond to a call at night even if invited to be killed." Muhammad bin Maslama went with two men. (Some narrators mention the men as 'Abu bin Jabr. Al Harith bin Aus and Abbad bin Bishr). So Muhammad bin Maslama went in together with two men, and sail to them, "When Ka'b comes, I will touch his hair and smell it, and when you see that I have got hold of his head, strip him. I will let you smell his head." Kab bin Al-Ashraf came down to them wrapped in his clothes, and diffusing perfume. Muhammad bin Maslama said. " have never smelt a better scent than this. Ka'b replied. "I have got the best 'Arab women who know how to use the high class of perfume." Muhammad bin Maslama requested Ka'b "Will you allow me to smell your head?" Ka'b said, "Yes." Muhammad smelt it and made his companions smell it as well. '''Then he requested Ka'b again, "Will you let me (smell your head)?" Ka'b said, "Yes." When Muhammad got a strong hold of him, he said (to his companions), "Get at him!" So they killed him and went to the Prophet and informed him. (Abu Rafi) was killed after Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf."'''}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|369}}|Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: Allah's Apostle said, '''"Who is willing to kill Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf who has hurt Allah and His Apostle?" Thereupon Muhammad bin Maslama got up saying, "O Allah's Apostle! Would you like that I kill him?" The Prophet said, "Yes," Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Then allow me to say a (false) thing (i.e. to deceive Kab). "The Prophet said, "You may say it."''' Then Muhammad bin Maslama went to Kab and said, "That man (i.e. Muhammad demands Sadaqa (i.e. Zakat) from us, and he has troubled us, and I have come to borrow something from you." On that, Kab said, "By Allah, you will get tired of him!" Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Now as we have followed him, we do not want to leave him unless and until we see how his end is going to be. Now we want you to lend us a camel load or two of food." (Some difference between narrators about a camel load or two.) Kab said, "Yes, (I will lend you), but you should mortgage something to me." Muhammad bin Mas-lama and his companion said, "What do you want?" Ka'b replied, "Mortgage your women to me." They said, "How can we mortgage our women to you and you are the most handsome of the 'Arabs?" Ka'b said, "Then mortgage your sons to me." They said, "How can we mortgage our sons to you? Later they would be abused by the people's saying that so-and-so has been mortgaged for a camel load of food. That would cause us great disgrace, but we will mortgage our arms to you." Muhammad bin Maslama and his companion promised Kab that Muhammad would return to him. He came to Kab at night along with Kab's foster brother, Abu Na'ila. Kab invited them to come into his fort, and then he went down to them. His wife asked him, "Where are you going at this time?" Kab replied, "None but Muhammad bin Maslama and my (foster) brother Abu Na'ila have come." His wife said, "I hear a voice as if dropping blood is from him, Ka'b said. "They are none but my brother Muhammad bin Maslama and my foster brother Abu Naila. A generous man should respond to a call at night even if invited to be killed." Muhammad bin Maslama went with two men. (Some narrators mention the men as 'Abu bin Jabr. Al Harith bin Aus and Abbad bin Bishr). So Muhammad bin Maslama went in together with two men, and sail to them, "When Ka'b comes, I will touch his hair and smell it, and when you see that I have got hold of his head, strip him. I will let you smell his head." Kab bin Al-Ashraf came down to them wrapped in his clothes, and diffusing perfume. Muhammad bin Maslama said. " have never smelt a better scent than this. Ka'b replied. "I have got the best 'Arab women who know how to use the high class of perfume." Muhammad bin Maslama requested Ka'b "Will you allow me to smell your head?" Ka'b said, "Yes." Muhammad smelt it and made his companions smell it as well. '''Then he requested Ka'b again, "Will you let me (smell your head)?" Ka'b said, "Yes." When Muhammad got a strong hold of him, he said (to his companions), "Get at him!" So they killed him and went to the Prophet and informed him. (Abu Rafi) was killed after Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf."'''}}


This is a clear case of lying endorsed by the prophet in order to achieve the objectives of Islam, therefore Muslims are permitted to lie (and kill) in defence of Muhammad and his character.
===Sahih Muslim===
 
====Marital Consent====


These narrations say that a person can knowingly get two of his friends to lie about the consent given by a female and the marriage will be upheld. So if she turns him down, all he needs to do is get two friends to lie and she will be his wife legally.
====Truthfulness is a virtue, and lying is a sin that leads to hellfire====


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|86|100}}| Narrated Abu Haraira:
{{Quote|{{Muslim|32|6308}}|


Allah's Apostle said, "A lady slave should not be given in marriage until she is consulted, and a virgin should not be given in marriage until her permission is granted." The people said, "How will she express her permission?" The Prophet said, "By keeping silent (when asked her consent)." Some people said, "'''If a man, by playing a trick, presents two false witnesses before the judge to testify that he has married a matron with her consent and the judge confirms his marriage, and the husband is sure that he has never married her (before), then such a marriage will be considered as a legal one and he may live with her as husband.'''"}}
'Abdullah b. Mas'ud reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|86|98}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:
Telling of truth is a virtue and virtue leads to Paradise and the servant who endeavours to tell the truth is recorded as truthful, and lie is obscenity and obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the servant who endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a liar. Ibn Abu Shaiba reported this from Allah's Apostle (ﷺ).}}


The Prophet said, "A virgin should not be married till she is asked for her consent; and the matron should not be married till she is asked whether she agrees to marry or not." It was asked, "O Allah's Apostle! How will she(the virgin) express her consent?" He said, "By keeping silent." Some people said, "'''If a virgin is not asked for her consent and she is not married, and then a man, by playing a trick presents two false witnesses that he has married her with her consent and the judge confirms his marriage as a true one, and the husband knows that the witnesses were false ones, then there is no harm for him to consummate his marriage with her and the marriage is regarded as valid'''."}}
====Only truthful transactions are blessed by Allah but not if they lie or conceal anything====
{{Quote|{{Muslim|10|3661}}|Hakim b. Hazim (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:


{{Quote|1=[http://hadith.al-islam.com/Page.aspx?pageid=192&BookID=24&PID=6678 Sahih Bukhari 6570] ([[:File:Al-islam-hadith-6570.JPG|screenshot]])|2=
Both parties in a business transaction have the right to annul it so long as they have not separated; and if they speak the truth and make everything clear they will be blessed in their transaction; but if they tell a lie and conceal anything the blessing on their transaction will be blotted out.}}


حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ عَنْ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْذَنُ قُلْتُ إِنَّ الْبِكْرَ تَسْتَحْيِي قَالَ إِذْنُهَا صُمَاتُهَا وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ إِنْ هَوِيَ رَجُلٌ جَارِيَةً يَتِيمَةً أَوْ بِكْرًا فَأَبَتْ فَاحْتَالَ فَجَاءَ بِشَاهِدَيْ زُورٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا فَأَدْرَكَتْ فَرَضِيَتْ الْيَتِيمَةُ فَقَبِلَ الْقَاضِي شَهَادَةَ الزُّورِ وَالزَّوْجُ يَعْلَمُ بِبُطْلَانِ ذَلِكَ حَلَّ لَهُ الْوَطْءُ <BR><BR>“Abu Asem told us from Ibn Goreh, from the son of Abi Molaika, from Zokwan, from Aisha (May Allah be pleased with her) that: Allah’s apostle (PBUH) said that a virgin’s consent is taken. I said: "A virgin feels shy". He said, ”Her silence is her consent.” And some people said that if a man falls in love with an orphan odalisque or a virgin and she refuses him. Then, he does a trick by bringing two false witnesses that he married her and the orphan realized  it (the trick) and gave her consent and the judge acknowledged the false witnesses and the husband is aware of its falsehood, then is lawful for him to copulate with her.”<ref>The corresponding English narration ({{Bukhari|9|86|101}}) adds an extra clause "and then she attains the age of puberty", which we can see is not present in the Arabic version of the hadith and thus was most likely added by the translator Muhsin Khan himself.</ref>}}
====Three cases do not count as lying====
 
===Sahih Muslim===


{{Quote|<!-- http://searchtruth.com/searchHadith.php?keyword=the+words+of+the+husband+to+his+wife&translator=2&search=1&book=&start http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsearchtruth.com%2FsearchHadith.php%3Fkeyword%3Dthe%2Bwords%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bhusband%2Bto%2Bhis%2Bwife%26translator%3D2%26search%3D1%26book%3D%26start&date=2012-02-25 -->{{Muslim|32|6303}}|Humaid b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Auf reported that his mother Umm Kulthum daughter of 'Uqba b. Abu Mu'ait, and she was one amongst the first emigrants who pledged allegiance to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), as saying that she heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: '''A liar is not one who tries to bring reconciliation amongst people and speaks good (in order to avert dispute), or he conveys good'''. Ibn Shihab said he did not hear that exemption was granted in anything what the people speak as lie but in three cases: '''in battle, for bringing reconciliation amongst persons and the narration of the words of the husband to his wife, and the narration of the words of a wife to her husband''' (in a twisted form in order to bring reconciliation between them).}}
{{Quote|<!-- http://searchtruth.com/searchHadith.php?keyword=the+words+of+the+husband+to+his+wife&translator=2&search=1&book=&start http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsearchtruth.com%2FsearchHadith.php%3Fkeyword%3Dthe%2Bwords%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bhusband%2Bto%2Bhis%2Bwife%26translator%3D2%26search%3D1%26book%3D%26start&date=2012-02-25 -->{{Muslim|32|6303}}|Humaid b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Auf reported that his mother Umm Kulthum daughter of 'Uqba b. Abu Mu'ait, and she was one amongst the first emigrants who pledged allegiance to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), as saying that she heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: '''A liar is not one who tries to bring reconciliation amongst people and speaks good (in order to avert dispute), or he conveys good'''. Ibn Shihab said he did not hear that exemption was granted in anything what the people speak as lie but in three cases: '''in battle, for bringing reconciliation amongst persons and the narration of the words of the husband to his wife, and the narration of the words of a wife to her husband''' (in a twisted form in order to bring reconciliation between them).}}


====Breaking Oaths====
====Assassinating an enemy====


In addition to Sahih Bukhari, we find many more narrations in Sahih Muslim concerning the breaking of oaths. This time Muhammad is encouraging Muslims to do likewise and choose what is "better".
In addition to Sahih Bukhari, we find a narration in Sahih Muslim concerning Muhammad permitting a companion to lie in order to kill Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, a Jewish poet who wrote a poem which offended him.


{{Quote|{{Muslim|15|4044}}|
{{Quote|{{Muslim|19|4436}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who will kill Ka'b b. Ashraf? He has maligned Allah, the Exalted, and His Messenger. Muhammad b. Maslama said: Messenger of Allah, do you wish that I should kill him? He said: Yes. He said: '''Permit me to talk (to him in the way I deem fit). He said: Talk (as you like)'''. So, Muhammad b. Maslama came to Ka'b and talked to him, referred to the old friendship between them and said: This man (i. e. the Holy Prophet) has made up his mind to collect charity (from us) and this has put us to a great hardship. When be heard this, Ka'b said: By God, you will be put to more trouble by him. Muhammad b. Maslama said: No doubt, now we have become his followers and we do not like to forsake him until we see what turn his affairs will take. I want that you should give me a loan. He said: What will you mortgage? He said: What do you want? He said: Pledge me your women. He said: You are the most handsome of the Arabs; should we pledge our women to you? He said: Pledge me your children. He said: The son of one of us may abuse us saying that he was pledged for two wasqs of dates, but we can pledge you (cur) weapons. He said: All right. Then Muhammad b. Maslama promised that he would come to him with Harith, Abu 'Abs b. Jabr and Abbad b. Bishr. So they came and called upon him at night. He came down to them. Sufyan says that all the narrators except 'Amr have stated that his wife said: I hear a voice which sounds like the voice of murder. He said: It is only Muhammad b. Maslama and his foster-brother, Abu Na'ila. When a gentleman is called at night even it to be pierced with a spear, he should respond to the call. Muhammad said to his companions: As he comes down, I will extend my hands towards his head and when I hold him fast, you should do your job. So when he came down and he was holding his cloak under his arm, they said to him: '''We sense from you a very fine smell. He said: Yes, I have with me a mistress who is the most scented of the women of Arabia. He said: Allow me to smell (the scent on your head). He said: Yes, you may smell. So he caught it and smelt. Then he said: Allow me to do so (once again). He then held his head fast and said to his companions: Do your job. And they killed him'''.}}
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported: I came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) along with a group of Ash'arites requesting to give us a mount. He (the Holy Prophet) said: By Allah, I cannot provide you with a mount, and there is nothing with me which I should give you as a ride. He (the narrator) said: We stayed there as long as Allah willed. Then there were brought to him (to the Holy Prophet) camels. He (the Holy Prophet) then ordered to give us three white humped camels, We started and said (or some of us said to the others): Allah will not bless us. We came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) begging him to provide us with riding camels. He swore that he could not provide us with a mount, but later on he provided us with that. They (some of the Prophet's Companions) came and informed him about this (rankling of theirs), whereupon he said: It was not I who provided you with a mount, but Allah has provided you with that. '''So far as I am concerned, by Allah, if He so wills, I would not swear, but if, later on, I would see better than it, I (would break the vow) and expiate it and do that which is better.'''|}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|15|4052}}|
===Jami` at-Tirmidhi===
Abu Huraira reported: A person sat late in the night with Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), and then came to his family and found that his children had gone to sleep. His wife brought food for him. but he took an oath that he would not eat because of his children (having gone to sleep without food) He then gave precedence (of breaking the vow and then expiating it) and ate the food He then came to Allah s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and made mention of that to him, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him) said: '''He who took an oath and (later on) found something better than that should do that, and expiate for (breaking) his vow.'''|}}
====It's not lawful to lie except in three cases====
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||4|25|1939}} ({{external link| url = https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/27/45| title = sunnah.com | author = | date = | archiveurl = | deadurl = no}})|
Asma bint Yazid narrated that the Messenger of Allah said:


{{Quote|{{Muslim|15|4053}}|
"it is not lawful to lie except in three cases: Something the man tells his wife to please her, to lie during war, and to lie in order to bring peace between the people."
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: '''He who took an oath and then found another thing better than (this) should expiate for the oath (broken) by him and do (the better thing).'''|}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|15|4054}}|
Grade: Sahih (Darussalam)
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: '''He who took an oath and (later on) found another thing better than that, he should do that which is better, and expiate for the vow (broken by him).'''|}}
}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|15|4055}}|
===Ibn Majah===


This hadith is narrated on the authority of Suhail with the same chain of transmitters (with these words): "He should expiate for (breaking) the vow and do that which is better."|}}
====Covering for the sins of a fellow believer====
Traditional commentaries on this hadith include that sometimes intercession is better than reporting a misdeed to the authorities, unless the person is known for evil and mischief.<ref>[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/201472/concealing-peoples-sins-is-a-matter-that-is-subject-to-further-discussion Concealing people’s sins is a matter that is subject to further discussion - Islamqa.info]</ref>


{{Quote|{{Muslim|15|4058}}|
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah|20|3|20|2544}}|It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever '''covers (the sin of) a Muslim''', Allah will cover him (his sin) in this world and in the Hereafter.” (Sahih)}}
'Adi reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: '''When anyone amongst you takes an oath, but he finds (something) better than that he should expiate (the breaking of the oath), and do that which is better.'''|}}
 
{{Quote|{{Muslim|15|4062}}|
Abd al-Rahman b. Samura reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to me: Abd al-Rahman b. Samura, don't ask for authority for if it is granted to you for asking for it, you would be commissioned for it (without having the support of Allah), but if you are granted it without your asking for it. You would be helped (by Allah) in it. '''And when you take an oath and find something else better than that, expiate for (breaking) your oath, and do that which is better. This hadith has also been transmitted on the authority of Ibn Farrukh.'''}}


===Abu Dawud===
===Abu Dawud===


====War is Deceit====
{{Quote|[{{Reference archive|1=http://quranmalayalam.com/hadees/abudawud/014.sat.html|2=2011-10-30}} Abu Dawud 14:2631]|Narrated Ka'b ibn Malik:  
{{Quote|[{{Reference archive|1=http://quranmalayalam.com/hadees/abudawud/014.sat.html|2=2011-10-30}} Abu Dawud 14:2631]|Narrated Ka'b ibn Malik:  


When the Prophet (peace be upon him) intended to go on an expedition, he always pretended to be going somewhere else, and he would say: '''War is deception'''.}}
When the Prophet (peace be upon him) intended to go on an expedition, he always pretended to be going somewhere else, and he would say: '''War is deception'''.}}


==Sira==
====It's not lawful to lie except in three cases====
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|41|4903}} (not available) - {{external link| url =https://sunnah.com/abudawud:4921| title = mirror on sunnah.com | author = | date = | archiveurl = | deadurl = no}}|Chapter: Reconciliation
 
Umm Kulthum, daughter of ‘Uqbah, said:


===Ibn Ishaq===
I did not hear the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) making a concession for anything people say falsely except in three matters. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would say: I do not count as a liar a man who puts things right between people, saying a word by which he intends only putting things right, and a man who says something in war, and a man who says something to his wife, or a wife who says something to her husband.


{{Quote|Ishaq:323|'''I am the best of plotters. I deceived them with My guile''' so that I delivered you from them.}}
Grade: Sahih (Al-Albani)
}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:383|One of the young men's fathers confronted Muhammad and said, ‘'''You have robbed my son of his life by your deception''' and brought great sorrow to me.'}}
==Sira==


{{Quote|Ishaq:442|By Muhammad's order '''we beguiled them'''.}}
===Ibn Ishaq===


{{Quote|Ishaq:496|‘By Allah you lie,' one said to another. ‘'''Liar yourself'''!' ‘You are a disaffected person arguing on behalf of the diseased.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=368-369}}<BR>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2|page=57}}|Ka’b’s body was left prostrate [humbled in submission]. After his fall, all of the Nadir Jews were brought low. Sword in hand we cut him down. '''By Muhammad’s order''' we were sent secretly by night. Brother killing brother. '''We lured him to his death with guile.''' Traveling by night, bold as lions, we went into his home. We made him taste death with our deadly swords. We sought victory for the religion of the Prophet.}}


===Al Tabari===
===Al Tabari===


{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 85}}|The Jews of the Qaynuqa replied, ‘Muhammad, do you think that we are like your people? Do not be deluded by the fact that '''you met a people with no knowledge and you made good use of your opportunity'''.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=23}}
 
<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2|page=578}}
{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 23}}|The Messenger and his Companions continued in the fear and distress that Allah has described in the Qur'an. Then Nu'aym came to the Prophet. ‘'''I ‘ve become a Muslim, but my tribe does not know of my Islam'''; so command me whatever you will.' '''Muhammad said, ‘Make them abandon each other if you can so that they will leave us; for war is deception.''''}}
|The Messenger and his Companions continued in the fear and distress that Allah has described in the Qur'an. Then Nu'aym came to the Prophet. ‘'''I ‘ve become a Muslim, but my tribe does not know of my Islam'''; so command me whatever you will.' '''Muhammad said, ‘Make them abandon each other if you can so that they will leave us; for war is deception.''''}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 36}}|‘Prophet, this group of Ansar have a grudge against you for what you did with the booty and how you divided it among you own people.' ‘Ansar, what is this talk I hear from you? What is the grudge you harbor against me? Do you think ill of me? Did I not come to you when you were erring and needy, and then made rich by Allah?' ‘You came to us discredited, when your message was rejected by the Quraysh, and we believed you. You were forsaken and deserted and we assisted you. You were a fugitive and we took you in, sheltering you. You were poor and in need, and we comforted you.}}


==Scholars==
==Scholars==
Line 195: Line 222:


{{Quote|1=[http://attahawi.com/2009/12/02/usul-al-shashi-by-imam-nizam-al-din-al-shashi-edited-by-shaykh-muhammad-akram-al-nadwi/ Chapter "Al Dheema"]<BR>Nizam al-Din al-Shashi, Usul al-Shashi (p. 114)|2='''It is permissible to swear at Rasulullah when one is under duress''' and to recite the Kalima of Kufr in the fear of losing property or of getting murdered provided that the heart is at comfort.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://attahawi.com/2009/12/02/usul-al-shashi-by-imam-nizam-al-din-al-shashi-edited-by-shaykh-muhammad-akram-al-nadwi/ Chapter "Al Dheema"]<BR>Nizam al-Din al-Shashi, Usul al-Shashi (p. 114)|2='''It is permissible to swear at Rasulullah when one is under duress''' and to recite the Kalima of Kufr in the fear of losing property or of getting murdered provided that the heart is at comfort.}}
Scholars of course also emphasised truthfulness as a virtue. For example, Ibn Qayyim (d. 1350 CE) was one of the most important jurists of the Hanbali school. He stated:
{{Quote|Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya - Madarij as-Salikeen|Truthfulness is the greatest of stations, from it sprout all the various stations of those traversing the path to God; and from it sprouts the upright path which if not trodden, perdition is that person’s fate.  Through it is the hypocrite distinguished from the believer and the inhabitant of Paradise from the denizen of Hell.  It is the sword of God in His earth: it is not placed on anything except that it cuts it; it does not face falsehood expect that it hunts it and vanquishes it; whoever fights with it will not be defeated; and whoever speaks it, his word will be made supreme over his opponent.  It is the very essence of deeds and the well spring of spiritual states, it allows the person to embark boldly into dangerous situations, and it is the door through which one enters the presence of the One possessing Majesty.  It is the foundation of the building of Islam, the central pillar of the edifice of certainty and the next level in ranking after the level of prophethood.}}


====Tafsir====
====Tafsir====
The following are the views in various commentaries regarding {{Quran|3|28}}, the verse which refers to hiding one's faith when in danger ([[Taqiyya]]).


{{Quote|1=[http://kitaabun.com/shopping3/product_info.php?products_id=2808 Jami' al-Bayan 'an ta'wil ayi'l-Qur'an al-Ma'ruf: Tafsir at-Tabari]<BR>Abu Ja'far Muhammad at-Tabari, Beirut: Dar Ihya' at-Turath al-'Arabi, 2001 (vol. 3, p. 267)|2=If you [Muslims] are under their [infidels'] authority, fearing for yourselves, '''behave loyally to them, with your tongue, while harboring inner animosity for them'''. … Allah has forbidden believers from being friendly or on intimate terms with the infidels in place of believers — except when infidels are above them [in authority]. In such a scenario, let them act friendly towards them.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://kitaabun.com/shopping3/product_info.php?products_id=2808 Jami' al-Bayan 'an ta'wil ayi'l-Qur'an al-Ma'ruf: Tafsir at-Tabari]<BR>Abu Ja'far Muhammad at-Tabari, Beirut: Dar Ihya' at-Turath al-'Arabi, 2001 (vol. 3, p. 267)|2=If you [Muslims] are under their [infidels'] authority, fearing for yourselves, '''behave loyally to them, with your tongue, while harboring inner animosity for them'''. … Allah has forbidden believers from being friendly or on intimate terms with the infidels in place of believers — except when infidels are above them [in authority]. In such a scenario, let them act friendly towards them.}}
Line 234: Line 267:
As for your mother, it would be better for her that she would approach your father in their privacy and tell him that she knows what is going on between him and that woman, and that she is patient on that situation in consideration for the family and intimate ties between them and that her patience has reached a warning limit of no more if he goes on like this, and that she reminds him of Allah and frightens him of His wrath and contempt, that he may come back to his senses and sincerely repent to Allah. Allah knows best.  }}
As for your mother, it would be better for her that she would approach your father in their privacy and tell him that she knows what is going on between him and that woman, and that she is patient on that situation in consideration for the family and intimate ties between them and that her patience has reached a warning limit of no more if he goes on like this, and that she reminds him of Allah and frightens him of His wrath and contempt, that he may come back to his senses and sincerely repent to Allah. Allah knows best.  }}


{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://islamqa.com/en/ref/59879|2=2013-06-07}} What is meant by taking the kuffaar as friends? Ruling on mixing with the kuffaar]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 59879|2=Shaykh al-Shanqeeti (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:  
{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://islamqa.com/en/ref/59879|title= What is meant by taking the kuffaar as friends? Ruling on mixing with the kuffaar|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= |series= Fatwa No. 59879|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://islamqa.com/en/ref/59879&date=2013-06-07|deadurl=no}}|Shaykh al-Shanqeeti (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:  


:In this verse [al-Maa’idah 5:51] Allaah tells us that whoever takes the Jews and Christians as friends is one of them because of his taking them as friends... [Aal ‘Imraan 3:28]  
:In this verse [al-Maa’idah 5:51] Allaah tells us that whoever takes the Jews and Christians as friends is one of them because of his taking them as friends... [Aal ‘Imraan 3:28]  
Line 311: Line 344:


End quote. From Madha taf’al fi’l-haalaat al-aatiyah (What to do in the following situations)?}}
End quote. From Madha taf’al fi’l-haalaat al-aatiyah (What to do in the following situations)?}}
{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=7&ID=6544&CATE=3600|title= Deceiving but not lying to parents|publisher= Sunni Path|author= Sidi Suheil Laher|series= Question ID:6544|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fqa.sunnipath.com%2Fissue_view.asp%3FHD%3D7%26ID%3D6544%26CATE%3D3600&date=2013-07-06|deadurl=no}}|'''Telling half-truths is permissible''' under the following conditions:
1 - there is a legitimate reason for doing so If there is no '''legitimate (under the shari`ah) reason''', then it is not permissible. [Ibn `Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar 9/613.]
2 - the 'hidden' true meaning is not too far fetched
3 - the statement does not lead to someone else suffering injustice or losing one of their rights.
4 - one does not swear to the half-truth in the name of Allah [Ibn Muflih, al-Adab al-Shar`iyyah]}}
{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url=https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/328687/|title= Asking for Khul’ because husband lied about second marriage|publisher=IslamWeb|author= |series= Fatwa No. 328687|date=30-6-2016 - Ramadan 25, 1437|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/LK0RS|deadurl=no}}|<b>Question:</b>
Assalaamu alaykum. I have been married for 15 years and have three kids. <b>My husband has remarried without informing me and has been lying to me for the past year, creating mistrust between us.</b> He has finally admitted his second marriage to me after extensive arguments. I have asked for a divorce as we are not compatible. He does not want to tell his family about his second marriage. His second wife has four kids, and he also has not told her kids and family about their marriage. They are both living a secret marriage. I feel that I cannot trust him because he has been lying to me for a whole year. Prior to him admitting his second marriage, I had called a meeting with our parents and told them that we constantly argue about his whereabouts and that he denied that he married again. I then went to a mufti and he also denied his marriage, so the mufti advised us to reconcile our marriage. I only stayed in this marriage because of my kids; I am a housewife who fears Allaah. I have tried my best to overlook his lies. Yes, I have been unhappy in this marriage for a long time as he is a very difficult person to please and I have tried, but I cannot do it anymore. We argue a lot, which led to disrespect, and my religion is the only reason that I am still in this marriage. I want to request a Khul’. Please advise what steps should be taken, Allaah willing.
<HR><b>Answer:</b>
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah and that Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) is His slave and Messenger.
First of all, we ask Allaah to make things easy for you and to relieve your distress and reconcile between you and your husband.
We, as well, recommend you to do what the mufti advised you to do, which is to reconcile. The family will break up by separation, and the children could be badly affected as a result.
Allaah says (what means): {And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there is no sin upon them if they make terms of settlement between them - and settlement is best. And present in [human] souls is stinginess. But if you do good and fear Allaah - then indeed Allaah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.} [Quran 4:128]
Indeed, you did well as you were patient for the sake of your children; we perceive that this is due to you having a sound mind and reasoning.
Asking for a Khul’ is disliked in Islam unless there is a sound reason for it. The mere marriage of your husband with a second wife is not a sound reason for you to ask for Khul’. Nevertheless, if you hate your husband and you fear that you cannot fulfill his rights upon you, then it becomes permissible for you to ask for Khul’. Please, refer to fatwa 131953.
In any case, <b>you should not ask for a Khul’ unless you consider that its benefit outweighs the harm of separation.</b> It is only in this case that you may take the matter to the authorities concerned with the issues of the Muslims, such as Islamic Centers. For the rulings on Khul’, please refer to fatwa 89039.
Finally, we would like to point out the two following matters:
Firstly: the husband is allowed to marry a second wife provided that he is just between his two wives. Allaah says (what means): {…then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then [marry only] one or those your right hand possesses. That is more suitable that you may not incline [to injustice].} [Quran 4:3] Please, refer to fataawa 81469 and84411.
Secondly: Lying is a contemptible and outrageous behavior, and it is forbidden <b>except in some cases permitted by the Sharee'ah, such as the husband and wife lying to each other for a good cause without violating each other's rights.</b> Umm Kulthoom Bint ‘Uqbah may Allaah be pleased with her said, “I did not hear the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) permitting lies for people except in three cases. The Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) used to say, 'I do not consider the following as lying: a man reconciles between people, he lies just in order to reconcile; and a man who lies in war; and when a man speaks to his wife or when a wife speaks to her husband (in certain situations).'” [Muslim]
An-Nawawi said, “With regard to a husband lying to his wife and a wife lying to her husband: it means showing compassion and kindness and promising what is not obligatory and so forth. As regards cheating or deception in not giving what he is obliged to give or what she is obliged to give, or taking what he is not allowed to take or her taking what she is not allowed to take, then this is forbidden according to the consensus of the Muslims.”
Allaah knows best.
}}


====Tafsir====
====Tafsir====
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{{Quote|1=Abu Shakoor Saalmi, al-Tamheed fi Bayan al-Tauwheed (Ch. 1, pp. 18-19), published in Delhi|2=Similarly, Kufr is the worst act. But when one is forced to commit it through a threat of murder then '''it is permissible to adopt Taqiyyah''' and recite the Kalima of kufr; and such a person should not be deemed a Kaffir. Verily, '''the Shari'a has deemed it a favorable act to recite Kalima of Kufr under Taqqiyah'''}}
{{Quote|1=Abu Shakoor Saalmi, al-Tamheed fi Bayan al-Tauwheed (Ch. 1, pp. 18-19), published in Delhi|2=Similarly, Kufr is the worst act. But when one is forced to commit it through a threat of murder then '''it is permissible to adopt Taqiyyah''' and recite the Kalima of kufr; and such a person should not be deemed a Kaffir. Verily, '''the Shari'a has deemed it a favorable act to recite Kalima of Kufr under Taqqiyah'''}}
==See Also==
*[[Lying]]'' - A hub page that leads to other articles related to lying''
==External Links==
*[http://answering-islam.org/Index/L/lying.html Lying] and [http://answering-islam.org/Index/T/taqiyya.html Taqiyya] ''- [[Answering Islam]]''
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://tool.donation-net.net/Images/Email/1097/Taqiyya_and_Islam_s_rules_of_war.pdf|2=2013-06-09}} How Taqiyya Alters Islam's Rules of War Defeating Jihadist Terrorism] ''- Raymond Ibrahim, Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2010, pp. 3-13''


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:QHS]]
[[ru:Китман и ат-Такия]]
[[ru:Китман и ат-Такия]]
[[ar:القرآن_والحديث_والعلماء:_الكذب_والخداع]]
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