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...mentions these rituals every once in a while without providing anything in the way of clear details). ...s descendants through Fatima, as well as the twelve Imams). [[Criticism of the Hadith]]

...(their ''qibla'', or direction of prayer) five times a day (another one of the Five Pillars of Islam). ...] (which the revelation describes as ''najas'', or "filthy") from entering the city. This law remains in effect until today.

...rnicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe. ...ich is not allowed to overtake it, though they will be brought together on the last day.

...x|Limb view of the Earth's atmosphere. Colors roughly denote the layers of the atmosphere.]] ...der to justify their claims of an inerrant, scientifically accurate Qur'an and prophetic tradition.

...are a collection of hadith and fatawa(fatwas) which may be of interest to the professional researcher or more casual reader. ...like that should be nullified." On that the Prophet said, "This is one of the brothers of soothsayers.'''|See also {{Bukhari|7|71|655}}}}

[[Category:Muhammad]] ...s a typical Arab battle commander, very concerned with booty and driven by the need to acquire more of it.

...gage in [[ghusl|ritual cleansing]] before they are allowed to pray or read the Qur'an. The following narration does not exist in the English translations of Sahih Muslim, but a similar (but sanitized version)

...ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...ot necessarily present Muhammad in a favourable light. Either way, hadiths and sirah material in general are considered to be very unreliable sources of h

...men. The tradition also imputes impressive sexual prowress to him, such as the following hadith: ...n the strength of thirty (men)." And Sa'id said on the authority of Qatada that Anas had told him about nine wives only (not eleven).}}

...he biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). ===Heavens and Earth===

[[Category:Islam and Science]] ...cientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity, specificity, and accuracy as to qualify as anything Miraculous.

...e and defensive throughout, and emphasise the hostile environment in which the believers found themselves (for more discussion, see [[Jihad in Islamic Law ==Muhammad Had a Divine Right to Conquer Others==

...n=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah<br>Zainab<br>Fatimah<br>Ruqayyah< ...as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...ally on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent collision with modern v ...be due to their supposed intellectual deficiency, which was pronounced by Muhammad according to a hadith collected in Sahih Bukhari.

...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...aving been sensitive to criticism, particularly from poets, and he ordered that a number of poets who had made verses inveighing against him or mocking him ...ah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=501}}|The Affair of Ka'b B. Zuhayr After the Departure from al-Ta'if:<br>

...n) and some prophecies make predictions about the the future to come after the hadiths were written. Prophecies in this article are from the hadiths. Quranic prophecies have a [[Quranic Prophecies|separate article]].

...ferent languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...s to have doubts about its perfection, and on a scale that critics contend is an overwhelming weakness. {{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}