Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Jihad: Difference between revisions

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 They journeyed on and encamped at Mu'an in the land of Syria. The men learned that Heraclius had encamped with 100,000 Byzantines at Ma'ab in the territory of al-Balqa'. Joined to him were Arab auxiliaries from [the tribes of] Lakhm, Judham, Balqayn, Bahra', and Bali, numbering 100,000 and commanded by a man from [the tribe of] Bali and of the subdivision Irashah, named Malik b. Rafilah. When the Muslims received word of this, they stayed at Mu'an two nights, considering what to do. They said: "We will write to the Messenger of God and inform him of the number of our enemy. Either he will reinforce us with men or he will give us his command that we should return to him." 'Abdallah b. Rawahah encouraged the men, saying: "Men, by God, what you loathe is the very thing you came out to seek martyrdom. We do not fight the enemy by number, strength, or multitude; we fight them only by this religion with which God has honored us. Go forward, for it is one of two good things: victory or martyrdom." The men said, "By God, Ibn Rawahah has spoken the truth." So the men went forward.}}
-{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 163}}|The Prophet said, ‘I think you will see Abu Sufyan [the leading Meccan merchant] come to strengthen the pact and extend the term.'}}
+{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=163-165}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=45-47}}|Then Budayl b. Warqa' set out with a group of men from Khuza'ah. They came to the Messenger of God in Medina and told him what had befallen them and how Quraysh had backed the Banu Bakr against them; then they departed to return to Mecca. The Messenger of God had told them, "I think you will see Abu Sufyan come to strengthen the pact and extend the term." As Budayl b. Warga' and his companions traveled, they met Abu Sufyan at 'Usfan: Quraysh had sent him to the Messenger of God to strengthen the pact and extend the term, for they had become fearful of what they had done. When Abu Sufyan met Budayl, he said, "Where have you come from, Budayl?"-for he guessed that he had gone to the Messenger of God. Budayl said, "I traveled with the Khuza'ah along this shore and along the bottom of this valley." Abu Sufyan asked, "Didn't you go to Muhammad?" "No," he replied.<br>
+When Budayl set out for Mecca, Abu Sufyan said, "If in fact he went to Medina, he will have fed his camel date pits there." So he went to the place where his camel had rested, picked up some of its droppings, crumbled them, and saw date pits in them. "I swear by God," he said, "Budayl went to Muhammad!"<br>
-{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 164}}|Sufyan went to Abu Bakr and asked him to intercede, but he refused. When Sufyan asked Umar to help [avert war], he replied, ‘No way. By Allah, if I had only ant grubs, I would fight you with them! Ali said, ‘Woe to you, Sufyan. When the Messenger has determined a thing it is useless for anyone to talk to him.'}}
+Abu Sufyan then set out and went to the Messenger of God in Medina. Abu Sufyan [first] visited his own daughter, Umm Habibah bt. Abi Sufyan. When he was about to sit on the bed of the Messenger of God, she folded it up to stop him. He said, "My daughter, by God, I don't know whether you think I am too good for this bed or you think it is too good for me." She said: "It is the bed of the Messenger of God, and you are an unclean polytheist. I did not want you to sit on the bed of the Messenger of God." He said, "My daughter, by God, evil came over you after you left me."<br>
+Then he went out and came to the Messenger of God. He spoke to him, but the Messenger of God gave him no reply. Then he went to Abu Bakr and asked him to speak to the Messenger of God for him, but Abu Bakr said, "I will not do it." Then he went to 'Umar b. al-Khattab and spoke to him. 'Umar said: "I intercede for you with the Messenger of God! By God, if I found only ant grubs [to eat], I would fight you!" Abu Sufyan then left and went to see 'All b. Abi Talib. Fatimah, the daughter of the Messenger of God, was with him, and with her was al-Iiasan b. 'All, a young child crawling before her. Abu Sufyan said: "'All, you are the nearest of the men to me in kinship and the closest of them in relationship. I have come with a request, and I will not go back empty-handed as I came. Intercede for us with the Messenger of God!" He said: "Woe to you, Abu Sufyan. By God, the Messenger of God has determined on a matter about which we cannot speak to him." Abu Sufyan then turned to Fatimah and said, "Daughter of Muhammad, don't you want to command your little son here to make peace among the people, so that he will be lord of the Arabs forever?" "By God," she said, "my little son is not old enough to make peace among the people, and no one can do so against the will of the Messenger of God." Abu Sufyan said [addressing 'Ali]: "Abu al-Hasan, I see that matters have become difficult for me. Give me advice!" 'Ali said to him: "By God, I know of nothing that will be of any use to you. However, since you are the lord of the Banu Kinanah, go and make peace among the people, and then return to your country." Abu Sufyan asked, "Do you think that will be of any use to me? " "No, by God," replied 'Ali, "I do not think so, but I can find nothing else for you to do." So Abu Sufyan stood up in the mosque and said, "People, I hereby make peace among the people." Then he mounted his camel and departed.<br>
-{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 165}}|When Abu Sufyan reported back to the Quraysh that Muhammad had given him no reply, they said, ‘Woe to you! By Allah, he did no more than play with you.'}}
+When Abu Sufyan came to Quraysh, they asked, "What is your news?" He said: "I went to Muhammad and spoke to him; and, by God, he gave me no reply. Then I went to In Abi Quhafah and got nothing good from him. Then I went to Ibn al-Khattab, whom I found to be the most hostile of them. Then I went to 'Ali b. Abi Talib, whom I found to be the mildest of them. He advised me to do something that I have done, but, by God, I do not know whether it will be of any use tome or not." They asked, "What did he command you?" He replied, "He commanded me to make peace among the people, and I did it." They asked, "Has Muhammad approved it?" No," he said. "Woe to you!" they said. "By God, he did no more than play with you. What you have said is of no use to us." Abu Sufyan replied, "No, by God, I found nothing else to do."}}
-{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 165}}|There is nothing that you can do to make peace with him.}}
 {{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 171}}|Muhammad said, ‘Woe to the Quraysh! If Allah's Apostle surprises them in their territory and enters Mecca by force, it means the destruction of the Quraysh.'}}