Coran, hadith et savants : Les toilettes
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Qu’il s’agisse d’uriner ou de déféquer, ces deux actions sont des sources d'impureté rituelle selon la charia, et les méthodes inappropriées pour faire ces deux choses peuvent même condamner quelqu'un au feu. En tant que telle, la tradition islamique a beaucoup à dire sur ce sujet, à savoir, comment, quand et où une personne doit faire cela, mais aussi sur la façon dont elle doit se nettoyer par la suite.
À faire et à ne pas faire
Dire une prière en entrant, pour éloigner les djinns et les démons
Rapporté par Zayd ibn Arqam :
Le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) a dit : "Ces toilettes sont fréquentées par les djinns et les démons. Donc, quand quelqu'un parmi vous s'y rend, qu’il dise : « Je cherche refuge auprès d'Allah contre les démons mâles et femelles. »"
Anas a rapporté : Lorsque le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) est entré dans le lieu privé [et dans le hadith transmis par Hushaim, il est indiqué] Lorsque le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) est entré aux toilettes, il avait l’habitude de dire : "Ô Allah, je cherche refuge auprès de Toi contre toutes les choses mauvaises et nocives."
Rapporté par Anas : Chaque fois que le Prophète (ﷺ) allait répondre à l'appel de la nature, il avait l'habitude de dire : "Allah-umma inni a`udhu bika minal khubuthi wal khaba'ith", c.-à-d. "Ô Allah, je cherche refuge auprès de Toi contre toutes les choses offensantes et méchantes (mauvaises actions et mauvais esprits)."
Retirer ses anneaux
Rapporté par Anas ibn Malik : Lorsque le Prophète (ﷺ) est entré dans le lieu privé, il retira son anneau. Abu Dawud a dit : "C'est une tradition munkar, c.-à-d. qu'elle contredit la version bien connue rapportée par des narrateurs fiables." Sur l’autorité d’Anas, la version populaire dit : "Le Prophète (ﷺ) avait une bague en argent faite pour lui." Puis il l'a rejetée. Le malentendu vient de Hammam (qui est le narrateur de la tradition précédente mentionnée dans le texte). Celle-ci est transmise uniquement par Hammam.
Ne pas faire face ni tourner le dos à la Ka’aba
Rapporté par Abu Aiyub Al-Ansari :
Le Prophète (ﷺ) a dit : "Pendant que vous déféquez, ne faites pas face et ne tournez pas le dos à la Qibla, mais faites face à l'est ou à l'ouest." Abu Ayoub a ajouté : "Quand nous sommes arrivés au pays de Sham, c’est pourquoi nous nous sommes retournés en les utilisant et avons demandé le pardon d’Allah."
Abu Ayyub a rapporté : Le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) a dit : "Chaque fois que vous allez dans le désert, ne tournez pas votre visage ni ne tournez le dos à la Qibla lorsque vous répondez à l'appel de la nature, mais tournez-vous vers l'est ou l'ouest." Abu Ayyub a dit : "Lorsque nous sommes arrivés en Syrie, nous avons constaté que les latrines déjà construites là-bas étaient orientées vers la Qibla. Nous avons détourné le visage et imploré le pardon du Seigneur." Il a dit : "Oui."
- Les traductions officielles disent des euphémismes comme "répondre à l’appel de la nature", mais la version arabe originale ne dit qu’un seul mot ال غ ائ ط (al-ghaa’it), qui se réfère explicitement aux matières fécales.[1]
Ne pas tenir ni toucher son pénis avec sa main droite
Rapporté par Abu Qatada : Le Prophète (ﷺ) a dit, "Chaque fois que l’un d’entre vous urine, il ne doit pas tenir son pénis ou nettoyer ses parties intimes avec sa main droite. (Et tout en buvant) il ne faut pas respirer dans le récipient."
Rapporté par Abu Qatada : Le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) a dit : "Chaque fois que l’un d’entre vous boit de l’eau, il ne doit pas respirer dans le récipient, et chaque fois que l’un d’entre vous va aux toilettes, il ne doit ni toucher son pénis ni nettoyer ses parties intimes avec sa main droite."
Abu Qatada a rapporté d’après son père que le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) a dit : "Quand l’un d’entre vous se rend aux toilettes, il ne doit pas toucher son pénis avec sa main droite."
Abu Qatada l’a rapporté d’après son père : Le Messager d’Allah (ﷺ) a dit : "Aucun de vous ne doit tenir son pénis avec sa main droite en urinant, ou s’essuyer avec sa main droite aux toilettes et ne doit pas respirer dans le récipient (dans lequel il boit)."
Ne pas se tenir debout en urinant
Aicha a dit : "Quiconque vous a raconté que le Prophète urinait debout, alors ne le croyez pas. Il n'urinait qu'en étant accroupi." [Il a dit :] "Il y a des récits sur ce sujet d'après Omar, Buraydah, [et Abdur-Rahman bin Hasanah]."[2]
Rapporté par Amr ibn al-'As : Abdur-Rahman bin Hasanah a rapporté : Amr ibn al-'As et moi sommes allés voir le Prophète (ﷺ). Il est sorti avec un bouclier en cuir (dans sa main). Il s’en couvrit et urina. Puis nous avons dit : "Regardez-le. Il urine comme une femme." Le Prophète (ﷺ) a entendu cela et a dit : "Ne savez-vous pas ce qui est arrivé à une personne parmi les Bani Isra'il (les Enfants d’Israël) ? Quand l'urine tombait sur eux, ils coupaient l'endroit où l'urine tombait ; mais il (cette personne) leur a interdit (de le faire) et a été puni dans sa tombe." Abu Dawud a dit : "Une version d'Abu Musa comporte cette formulation : « il lui a coupé la peau »". Une autre version d'Abu Musa mentionne : "il a coupé (une partie de) son corps".
Abu Huraira said: When any one amongst you squats for answering the call of nature, he should neither turn his face towards the Qibla nor turn his back towards it.
Do not uncover your private parts until after squatting
Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:
When the Prophet (peace be upon him) wanted to relieve himself, he would not raise his garment, until he lowered himself near the ground.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) wanted to answer the call of nature, he would not lift his garment until he had squatted close to the ground.”[3]
Do not soil yourself with urine, this is a major sin
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Most of the punishment of the grave will be because of urine.”[4]
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
Once the Prophet, while passing through one of the grave-yards of Medina or Mecca heard the voices of two persons who were being tortured in their graves. The Prophet said, "These two persons are being tortured not for a major sin (to avoid)." The Prophet then added, "Yes! (they are being tortured for a major sin). Indeed, one of them never saved himself from being soiled with his urine while the other used to go about with calumnies (to make enmiy between friends). The Prophet then asked for a green leaf of a date-palm tree, broke it into two pieces and put one on each grave. On being asked why he had done so, he replied, "I hope that their torture might be lessened, till these get dried."
Do not speak while in the toilet
Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri:
I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) say: When two persons go together for relieving themselves uncovering their private parts and talking together, Allah, the Great and Majestic, becomes wrathful at this (action).
Narrated Muhajir ibn Qunfudh:
Muhajir came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) while he was urinating. He saluted him. The Prophet (peace be upon him) did not return the salutation to him until he performed ablution. He then apologised to him, saying: I disliked remembering Allah except in the state of purification.
A man said salaam to the Prophet (saw) while he was in the toilet, he did not answer the salaam.
An-Nasaa'i 37, Ibn Majah 353
It is disliked to give salams to someone in the toilet, and they do not answer back. Likewise the one eating [such that there is food in their mouth, because they are busy and unable to answer], reciting Quran, busy with Sacred Knowledge.[5]
Ibn Nujaym, al-Bahr al-Raiq (8.236)
Clean yourself with an odd number of stones
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Whoever performs ablution should clean his nose with water by putting the water in it and then blowing it out, and whoever cleans his private parts with stones should do it with odd number of stones."
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: When anyone wipes himself with pebbles (after answering the call of nature) he must make use of an odd number and when any one of you performs ablution he must snuff in his nose water and then clean it.
Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah (way peace he upon him) said: When anyone performs ablution he must clean his nose and when anyone wipes himself with pebbles (after answering the call of nature) he must do that odd number of times.
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say: When anyone wipes himself with pebbles (after answering the call of nature) he should do this odd number of times.
Do not clean yourself with less than three stones
Salman said that (one among) the polytheists remarked: I see that your friend even teaches you about the excrement. He replied; Yes, he has in fact forbidden us that anyone amongst us should cleanse himself with his right hand, or face the Qibla. He has forbidden the use of dung or bone for it, and he has also instructed us not to use less than three pebbles (for this purpose).
Narrated Salman al-Farsi:
It was said to Salman: Your Prophet teaches you everything, even about excrement. He replied: Yes. He has forbidden us to face the qiblah at the time of easing or urinating, and cleansing with right hand, and cleansing with less than three stones, or cleansing with dung or bone.
Do not use dung or bones
Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud:
A deputation of the jinn came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: O Muhammad, forbid your community to cleans themselves with a bone or dung or charcoal, for in them Allah has provided sustenance for us. So the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade them to do so.
Narrated Abu Huraira:
I followed the Prophet while he was going out to answer the call of nature. He used not to look this way or that. So, when I approached near him he said to me, "Fetch for me some stones for ' cleaning the privates parts (or said something similar), and do not bring a bone or a piece of dung." So I brought the stones in the corner of my garment and placed them by his side and I then went away from him. When he finished (from answering the call of nature) he used, them .
Narrated 'Abdullah:
The Prophet went out to answer the call of nature and asked me to bring three stones. I found two stones and searched for the third but could not find it. So took a dried piece of dung and brought it to him. He took the two stones and threw away the dung and said, "This is a filthy thing."
Jabir reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) forbade the use of bone or the droppings of camels for wiping (after excretion).
Narrated Ruwayfi' ibn Thabit:
... The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said: You may live for a long time after I am gone, Ruwayfi', so, tell people that if anyone ties his beard or wears round his neck a string to ward off the evil eye, or cleanses himself with animal dung or bone, Muhammad has nothing to do with him.
Do not use your right hand
Narrated Abu Qatada:
Allah's Apostle said, "When you drink (water), do not breath in the vessel; and when you urinate, do not touch your penis with your right hand. And when you cleanse yourself after defecation, do not use your right hand."
Wash yourself, once you're done
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "The prayer of a person who does Hadath (passes urine, stool, or wind) is not accepted till he performs (repeats) the ablution." A person from Hadaramout asked Abu Huraira, "What is 'Hadath'?" Abu Huraira replied, " 'Hadath' means the passing of wind from the anus."
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
Whenever Allah's Apostle went to answer the call of nature, I along with another boy used to accompany him with a tumbler full of water. (Hisham commented, "So that he might wash his private parts with it.)"
Sahih Bukhari 1:4:152, See also: Sahih Bukhari 1:4:153
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
Whenever Allah's Apostle went to answer the call of nature, I along with another boy used to carry a tumbler full of water (for cleaning the private parts) and an 'Anza (spear-headed stuck [sic]).
Note: The above hadith should say 'spear-headed stick'.
Narrated AbuHurayrah:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The following verse was revealed in connection with the people of Quba': "In it are men who love to be purified" (ix.108). He (AbuHurayrah) said: They used to cleanse themselves with water after easing. So the verse was revealed in connection with them.
No need for Wudu' After Relieving Yourself in the River
Usama b. Zaid (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on his way back from 'Arafat got down in one of these creeks (to answer the call of nature), and after he had done that I poured water (over his hands) and said: Are you going to pray? Thereupon he said: The place of prayer is ahead of you.
Say a prayer when exiting the toilet
Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:
When the Prophet (peace be upon him) came out of the privy, he used to say: "Grant me Thy forgiveness."[6]
See Also
- Hygiene - A hub page that leads to other articles related to Hygiene
Translations
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External Links
References
- ↑ https://www.almaany.com/fr/dict/ar-fr/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B7/
- ↑ "Rapporté par at-Tirmidhi, al-Tahaarah, 12 ; il a dit, c'est le récit le plus authentique sur ce sujet. Il a également été classé authentique par al-Albani dans Sahih Sunan al-Tirmidhi, no. 11"" - Est-il interdit d'uriner debout ? - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 9790
- ↑ "Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 14; see also Saheeh al-Jaami’, 4652" - Muslim bathroom etiquette - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 2532
- ↑ "Reported by Ibn Maajah, 342; see also Saheeh al-Jaami’, 1202" - Muslim bathroom etiquette - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 2532
- ↑ Shaykh Faraz Rabbani, "Giving salams to someone in the toilet", SunniPath, Question ID 2118 (archived), http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=2118&CATE=34.
- ↑ Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and At-Tirmithi. An-Nasa'i recorded it in 'Amalul-Yawm wal-Laylah. Also see Ibn Al-Qayyim's Zadul-Ma'ad, 2/387.