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Muhammad and illiteracy: Difference between revisions
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'''Once the Prophet (ﷺ) wrote (كَتَبَ) a letter or had an idea of writing a letter'''. The Prophet (ﷺ) was told that they (rulers) would not read letters unless they were sealed. So the Prophet (ﷺ) got a silver ring made with "Muhammad Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)" engraved on it. As if I were just observing its white glitter in the hand of the Prophet. | '''Once the Prophet (ﷺ) wrote (كَتَبَ) a letter or had an idea of writing a letter'''. The Prophet (ﷺ) was told that they (rulers) would not read letters unless they were sealed. So the Prophet (ﷺ) got a silver ring made with "Muhammad Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)" engraved on it. As if I were just observing its white glitter in the hand of the Prophet. | ||
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{{Quote|{{Abudawud|42|5117}}| | {{Quote-text|{{Abudawud|42|5117}}| | ||
Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: | Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: | ||
'''The Prophet (ﷺ) wrote (كَتَبَ) a letter to Heraclius''': "From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Hiraql (Heraclius), Chief of the Byzantines. Peace be to those who follow the guidance." Ibn Yahya reported on the authority of Ibn Abbas that AbuSufyan said to him: We then came to see Hiraql (Heraclius) who seated us before him. He then called for the letter from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Its contents were: "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful, from Muhammad the Messenger of Allah, to Hiraql, chief of Byzantines. Peace be to those who follow the guidance. To proceed." | '''The Prophet (ﷺ) wrote (كَتَبَ) a letter to Heraclius''': "From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Hiraql (Heraclius), Chief of the Byzantines. Peace be to those who follow the guidance." Ibn Yahya reported on the authority of Ibn Abbas that AbuSufyan said to him: We then came to see Hiraql (Heraclius) who seated us before him. He then called for the letter from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Its contents were: "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful, from Muhammad the Messenger of Allah, to Hiraql, chief of Byzantines. Peace be to those who follow the guidance. To proceed." | ||
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{{Quote|{{Abudawud|18|2921}} (sahih)| | {{Quote-text|{{Abudawud|18|2921}} (sahih)| | ||
Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: | Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: | ||
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Ahmad ibn Salih said: AbdurRazzaq transmitted this tradition to us from Ma'mar, from az-Zuhri on the authority of Sa'id. In this version he said: The Prophet (ﷺ) made him governor over the bedouins. | Ahmad ibn Salih said: AbdurRazzaq transmitted this tradition to us from Ma'mar, from az-Zuhri on the authority of Sa'id. In this version he said: The Prophet (ﷺ) made him governor over the bedouins. | ||
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{{Quote|{{Abudawud|19|2993}}| | {{Quote-text|{{Abudawud|19|2993}}| | ||
Narrated Yazid ibn Abdullah: | Narrated Yazid ibn Abdullah: | ||
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وكتب (''wa-kataba'') means "and he wrote": | وكتب (''wa-kataba'') means "and he wrote": | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|387}}| | {{Quote-text|{{Bukhari|4|53|387}}| | ||
Narrated Abu Humaid As-Saidi: | Narrated Abu Humaid As-Saidi: | ||
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فكتب (''fa-kataba'') means "then he wrote": | فكتب (''fa-kataba'') means "then he wrote": | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|89|302}}| | {{Quote-text|{{Bukhari|9|89|302}}| | ||
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Jews should either pay the blood money of your (deceased) companion or be ready for war." '''After that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) wrote (فَكَتَبَ) a letter to the Jews''' in that respect, and they wrote that they had not killed him. | Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Jews should either pay the blood money of your (deceased) companion or be ready for war." '''After that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) wrote (فَكَتَبَ) a letter to the Jews''' in that respect, and they wrote that they had not killed him. | ||
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|49|863}}| | {{Quote-text|{{Bukhari|3|49|863}}| | ||
Narrated Al-Bara: | Narrated Al-Bara: | ||
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====The first revelation==== | ====The first revelation==== | ||
The first sura was the sura 96, which begins as follows: | The first sura was the sura 96, which begins as follows: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|96|1-5}}| | {{Quote-text|{{Quran|96|1-5}}| | ||
'''Read''' (اقرا, ''iqra'') in the name of your Lord who created - | '''Read''' (اقرا, ''iqra'') in the name of your Lord who created - | ||
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There are two versions of the story of the first revelation. In the Sirat Rasul Allah by Ibn Ishaq it goes as follows: | There are two versions of the story of the first revelation. In the Sirat Rasul Allah by Ibn Ishaq it goes as follows: | ||
{{Quote|Sirat Rasul Allah by Ibn Ishaq | {{Quote-text|Sirat Rasul Allah by Ibn Ishaq |When it was the night on which God honored him with his mission and showed mercy on His servants thereby, Gabriel brought him the command of God. "He came to me," said the apostle of God, "while I was asleep, with a coverlet of brocade whereon was some writing, and said, ‘Read!’ I said, '''‘What shall I read?’''' (وما اقرأ) He pressed me with it so tightly that I thought it was death; then he let me go and said, ‘Read!’ I said, ‘What shall I read?’ He pressed me with it again so that I thought it was death; then he let me go and said ‘Read!’ I said, ‘What shall I read?’ He pressed me with it the third time so that I thought it was death and said ‘Read!’ I said, ‘What then shall I read?’—and this I said only to deliver myself from him, lest he should do the same to me again. He said: | ||
When it was the night on which God honored him with his mission and showed mercy on His servants thereby, Gabriel brought him the command of God. "He came to me," said the apostle of God, "while I was asleep, with a coverlet of brocade whereon was some writing, and said, ‘Read!’ I said, '''‘What shall I read?’''' (وما اقرأ | |||
‘Read in the name of thy Lord who created, Who created man of blood coagulated. Read! Thy Lord is the most beneficent, Who taught by the pen, Taught that which they knew not unto men.’ | ‘Read in the name of thy Lord who created, Who created man of blood coagulated. Read! Thy Lord is the most beneficent, Who taught by the pen, Taught that which they knew not unto men.’ | ||