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'''Ibn Taymiyya''' (1263-1328) was an Islamic theologian and scholar of the [[Qur'an]] who was influential in promoting fundamentalism in [[Islam]], and curtailing the spread of [[philosophy]] in the Islamic world. | '''Ibn Taymiyya''' (1263-1328) was an Islamic theologian and scholar of the [[Qur'an]] and Hadith who was influential in promoting fundamentalism in [[Islam]], and curtailing the spread of [[philosophy]] in the Islamic world. | ||
== Views == | |||
=== Sunni Islam === | |||
He was a staunch defender of [[Sunni]] Islam, today comprising up to 90 percent of all Muslims,<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam Islām] - Encyclopædia Britannica (2010)</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite Sunnite] - Encyclopædia Britannica (2010)</ref><ref>[http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population%286%29.aspx Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population] - Pew Research Center, October 7, 2009</ref><ref>Tracy Miller - [http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population] - Pew Research Center, October 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/comparison_charts/islamic_sects.htm Comparison of Sunni and Shia Islam] - ReligionFacts</ref> arguing for strict adherence to the Qur'an and the [[Sunnah]] of Prophet [[Muhammad]], which contained all the religious and spiritual guidance necessary for human salvation. | |||
=== Philosophers === | |||
He rejected the arguments and ideas of the philosophers, arguing that logic and reason are not reliable means of reaching religious truth and that the intellect must be subservient to revealed truth. | |||
=== Jihad === | |||
He was also known for his devotion to [[Terrorism|jihad]] saying it was the best of the forms of voluntary service man can devote to [[Allah]], being superior to [[Hajj|pilgrimage]], as well as to [[Salah|prayer]] and supererogatory [[Fasting|fasts]], "as is shown in the Book and in the Prophetic Sunnah". This view is supported by [[Islam and Scripture|Islamic Scripture]].<ref>''"Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years."'' - Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305</ref><ref>''"Allah's Apostle was asked, "What is the best deed?" He replied, "To believe in Allah and His Apostle (Muhammad). The questioner then asked, "What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, "To participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah's Cause.""'' - {{Bukhari|1|2|26}}</ref> | He was also known for his devotion to [[Terrorism|jihad]] saying it was the best of the forms of voluntary service man can devote to [[Allah]], being superior to [[Hajj|pilgrimage]], as well as to [[Salah|prayer]] and supererogatory [[Fasting|fasts]], "as is shown in the Book and in the Prophetic Sunnah". This view is supported by [[Islam and Scripture|Islamic Scripture]].<ref>''"Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years."'' - Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305</ref><ref>''"Allah's Apostle was asked, "What is the best deed?" He replied, "To believe in Allah and His Apostle (Muhammad). The questioner then asked, "What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, "To participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah's Cause.""'' - {{Bukhari|1|2|26}}</ref> | ||
Probably his most famous [[fatwa]] was issued against the Mongols, when he declared that jihad upon the Mongols was not only permissible, but obligatory, on the grounds that the Mongols could not be true Muslims despite the fact that they had converted to Sunni Islam because they ruled using 'man-made laws' (their traditional Yassa code) rather than [[Islamic Law|Islamic law]] or [[Shariah|Shari'ah]], and thus were living in a state of jahiliyya, or pre-Islamic pagan ignorance. | Probably his most famous [[fatwa]] was issued against the Mongols, when he declared that jihad upon the Mongols was not only permissible, but obligatory, on the grounds that the Mongols could not be true Muslims despite the fact that they had converted to Sunni Islam because they ruled using 'man-made laws' (their traditional Yassa code) rather than [[Islamic Law|Islamic law]] or [[Shariah|Shari'ah]], and thus were living in a state of jahiliyya, or pre-Islamic pagan ignorance. | ||
== Life == | |||
Ibn Taymiyyah was famous for both refusing to have a female companion at any point in his life and refusing to work for the government.<ref>Al-Matroudi, Abdul Hakim Ibrahim (2015-02-14). "Ibn Taymīyah, Taqī al-Dīn". ''Oxford Islamic Studies Online''. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2015.</ref> He spent most of his life working as a religious scholar and political activist, and as a result of his nonalignment with both the popular religious and political orders of his time, was imprisoned on six separate occasions during his life.<ref>An-Na`im, Abdullahi Ahmed (2010). ''Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Futnture of Shari'a''. Harvard University Press. p. 76. ISBN <bdi>978-0-674-03456-3</bdi>.</ref> | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||