Portal: Islamic Scriptures: Difference between revisions

==Qur'an==

The Qur'an is the holiest scripture of Islam; some Muslims, known as [[Quranism|Quranists]], claim to follow it and it alone (these Muslims are considered heretics by orthodox Sunni Muslims, inter alia). According to orthodox Sunni doctrine, it is the full, complete, unaltered word of Allah directly to his apostle Muhammad (Shi'ites claim that though the portion we have is untouched, Sunnis have cut out many chapters and verses which they did not want in the final Qur'an). As such its study is of great importance to Muslim scholars, and Muslim believers study it in their own time for their own spiritual growth. As the direct and literal word of Allah, orthodox Sunni Islam submits that the Qur'an is flawless in every way, from its "clear" Arabic to its claims about history and science. In addition to articles about the Qur'an, its contents, its history, and its interpretation, this section contains our [[Asbab al-Nuzul (Revelational Circumstances of the Quran)]] articles, which are a resource which gathers the various "revelational circumstances" of different verses in the Qur'an, in English translation, arranged by the order of the verses and chapters as they appear in the Qur'an.  

{{PortalArticle|image=Quran_Mashaf_Comparisons.jpg|title=Textual History of the Qur'an|summary= The history of the Qur'an as a text comports in many way to the description we have of it in Islamic sources--although there are some discrepancies.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Mariam and Isa Persian.jpg|title=Mary, Sister of Aaron|summary= The author(s) of surat-Maryam, the surah of Mary, seems to be under the mistaken impression that Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, was also a sister of Aaron, the brother of Moses|description=}}{{PortalArticle|image=Quranvsscience.jpg|title=Scientific Errors in the Quran|summary= Sunni orthodoxy claims that the Qur'an is infallible when it speaks of matters of science, but a close comparison to the scientific undestanding of the text of the Qur'an to modern science shows many revealing mistakes|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Quran.PNG|title=Contradictions in the Quran|summary={{Quran|4|82}} makes the confident assertion: "Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from [any] other than Allah, they would have found within it much contradiction."<BR />This article explains why critics argue that indeed, the Qur'an contains numerous contradictions.|description=}}

{{PortalArticle|image=Sana'a1 Stanford '07 recto lowertext image.jpg|title=Sana'a Manuscript|summary= The majority of the manuscripts of the Qur'an which are today extant seem to be descended from the recension that was ordered created by the caliph [[Uthman]], and show a remarkable uniformity. However, a palimpset, or impression of an erased Qur'an manuscript, was found in the Yemeni city of Sana'a in the 1970s. It reveals a manuscript with some remarkable differences from the accepted Uthmanic recension|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Naskh.png|title=Naskh (Abrogation)|summary= Many verses in the Qur'an disagree with each other, sometimes on important points; the doctrine of Naskh explains which verses take precedence in any given conflict, and how this is decided by the scholars.|description=}}

  {{PortalArticle|image=Asbabannuzul.png|title=Asbab al-Nuzul (Revelational Circumstances of the Quran)|summary= This special page is a series of resources for the English-speaking student, researcher or reader as opposed to an encyclopedia article. It contains all of the [[surah|suwar]] of the Qur'an along with the associated asbab al-nuzul or "revelational circumstances", explaining how the Islamic tradition sees the circumstances of each revelation.|description=}}

*[[Parallels Between the Qur'an and Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature]]

*[[List of Abrogations in the Qur'an]]

*[[The Meaning of Islam]]

*[[Al-Nurayn and Al-Wilaya]]

{{PortalArticle|image=Sahih Bukhari.jpg|title=Sahih Bukhari|summary=Sahih Bukhari is the most esteemed collection of hadith, held second only to the Qur'an itself in the Sunni tradition in terms of authority. Put together by a central Asian scholar over 200 years after the death of the prophet, Sahih Bukhari contains only hadith which receive the highest level of approval from Sunni scholars. |description=}}

{{PortalArticle|image=Sahih.png|title=Sahih|summary= Sahih صحيح or "correct" is the highest level of trustworthiness that the Sunni tradition can assign to a particular hadith.|description=}}

{{PortalArticle|image=Glowy Universe.PNG|title=Scientific Errors in the Hadith|summary=Like the Qur'an, orthodox Sunni tradition holds that the words of the prophet were unerring on matters of science. Even many "sahih" hadith, though, betray a pre-modern understanding of natural world which clearly falls in line with ancient belief rather than the findings modern science.|description= }}

{{PortalArticle|image=Tawaatur.png|title=Tawaatur|summary=Tawaatur is a designation given to hadith which are attested to by multiple chains of transmission, called isnaads (asaanid أسانيد in Arabic).|description= }}

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The sira, or life of the prophet, makes up the third cornerstone of Islamic scripture. The sira literature begins with the sirat rasul Allah, or Life of the Apostle of Allah by ibn Ishaq, which has not survived to the current day but which was retained by his student ibn Hisham and also partially in the history of the Islamic polymath [[Tabari]], and continued by other Islamic writers.  

{{PortalArticle|image=Sirat An-Nabi.PNG|title=Sirat Rasul Allah|summary=The sirat of ibn Ishaq is the earliest Islamic document now extant detailing the life of the prophet Muhammad in chronological order.|description=}}

The tafsir تفسير literally "explanation" is a genre of Islamic literature which explains the Qur'an, drawing on multiple traditions such as the stories of the Israelis (Israeliyyaat), the hadith and the sira.

{{PortalArticle|image=Tafsir ibn Kathir.jpg|title=Tafsir|summary=ِThe tafsir literature is essential to the orthodox Sunni understanding of the Qur'an, and forms a fourth source of scripture for orthodox Sunni Muslims.|description=}}