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Internal Rhymes as Evidence for Old Hijazi: Difference between revisions
Internal Rhymes as Evidence for Old Hijazi (view source)
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al-ʕalīmu l-ḥakīm (Classical Arabic) | al-ʕalīmu l-ḥakīm (Classical Arabic) | ||
In the following examples, the first word of the two internally rhyming words is a unique word that wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran. Which shows that these unique words were chosen to form an internal rhyme with the next word: | In the following examples, the first word of the two internally rhyming words is a unique word that wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran. Which shows that these unique words were chosen to form an internal rhyme with the next word: | ||
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The two words are spelled in the Quran as: raghabā wa rahabā. The classical Arabic nunation of the word “raghab” isn’t written (raghaban رغبن) in accordance with the claimed pausal spelling rule. Note how if the two words are read the same way they are spelled then they rhyme with each other. | The two words are spelled in the Quran as: raghabā wa rahabā. The classical Arabic nunation of the word “raghab” isn’t written (raghaban رغبن) in accordance with the claimed pausal spelling rule. Note how if the two words are read the same way they are spelled then they rhyme with each other. | ||
Q56:37<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا﴾</span> | Q56:37<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا﴾</span> | ||
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CA: ʕuruban ʾatrābā | CA: ʕuruban ʾatrābā | ||
The word “ʕurub” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran. | The word “ʕurub” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran. | ||
Q71:27 | Q71:27 | ||
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CA: fājiran kaffārā | CA: fājiran kaffārā | ||
The word “fājir” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran. | The word “fājir” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran. | ||
Q77:32 | Q77:32 | ||
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CA: humazatin lumazah | CA: humazatin lumazah | ||
The word “humazah” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran. | The word “humazah” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran. | ||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ﴾ Q114:4</span> | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ﴾ Q114:4</span> | ||
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==The Rhyming Quality of Old Hijazi internal rhymes== | ==The Rhyming Quality of Old Hijazi internal rhymes== | ||
High quality: That’s when the two rhyming words share the same final vowel and final consonant. Such as: | '''High quality:''' That’s when the two rhyming words share the same final vowel and final consonant. Such as: | ||
The two words share the same final vowel (ī) and the same final consonant (m). The fact that the rest of the two words share the same vowel and the same arrangement of consonants makes the rhyming quality perfect: | عليم حكيم ʕalīm ḥakīm (15 attestations) | ||
The two words share the same final vowel (ī) and the same final consonant (m). The fact that the rest of the two words share the same vowel and the same arrangement of consonants makes the rhyming quality perfect: | |||
Consonant + a + consonant + ī + m | Consonant + a + consonant + ī + m | ||
Normal quality: That’s when the two rhyming words don’t share the same final consonant, but they share the same vowels and the same arrangement of consonants. Such as: | |||
'''Normal quality:''' That’s when the two rhyming words don’t share the same final consonant, but they share the same vowels and the same arrangement of consonants. Such as: | |||
The two words follow the same scheme: Consonant + a + Consonant + ī + Consonant | |||
عزيز حكيم ʕazīz ḥakīm (13 attestations) | |||
The two words follow the same scheme: | |||
Consonant + a + Consonant + ī + Consonant | |||
Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words, the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. So it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as: | Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words, the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. So it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as: | ||
غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm (49 attestations) | غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm (49 attestations) | ||
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==Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes== | ==Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes== | ||
1- individual instances. They include 76 unique high quality Old Hijazi internal rhymes. With repetition they are 94 ones. As for individual instances of normal quality internal rhymes, they were so many that this article just lists the strongest 22 unique ones. | '''1- individual instances.''' They include 76 unique high quality Old Hijazi internal rhymes. With repetition they are 94 ones. As for individual instances of normal quality internal rhymes, they were so many that this article just lists the strongest 22 unique ones. | ||
To see all the internal rhymes, see this article ***** | To see all the internal rhymes, see this article ***** | ||
2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 6 unique high quality internal rhymes, 48 with repetition. As for normal quality internal rhymes of this type (verse-final attributes of Allah), there are 26 unique ones, 236 with repetition. | |||
'''2- Verse-final attributes of Allah.''' The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 6 unique high quality internal rhymes, 48 with repetition. As for normal quality internal rhymes of this type (verse-final attributes of Allah), there are 26 unique ones, 236 with repetition. | |||
==Verse-final attributes of Allah== | ==Verse-final attributes of Allah== | ||
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The majority of verse-final rhymes in the Quran fall under an easy type of rhyme that takes advantage of the fact that regular plural nouns and adjectives in Arabic end with ūn/īn and that verbs that are conjugated for masculine plural end with ūn. Since that in the language of the Quran ū rhymes with ī, Quranic rhymes freely alternates between ūn and īn. In this rhyming scheme, when a verse doesn’t end with a plural masculine noun or a plural masculine adjective or a verb conjugated for masculine plural, the Quran takes advantage of the fact that many emphatic forms in Arabic end with īC/ūC (C stands for consonant). So the Quran adds an emphatic attribute of God to the end of the verse and thus the verse ends with rhyme that fits the surrounding verses. | The majority of verse-final rhymes in the Quran fall under an easy type of rhyme that takes advantage of the fact that regular plural nouns and adjectives in Arabic end with ūn/īn and that verbs that are conjugated for masculine plural end with ūn. Since that in the language of the Quran ū rhymes with ī, Quranic rhymes freely alternates between ūn and īn. In this rhyming scheme, when a verse doesn’t end with a plural masculine noun or a plural masculine adjective or a verb conjugated for masculine plural, the Quran takes advantage of the fact that many emphatic forms in Arabic end with īC/ūC (C stands for consonant). So the Quran adds an emphatic attribute of God to the end of the verse and thus the verse ends with rhyme that fits the surrounding verses. | ||
For example: | For example: | ||
Surah no.6 follows an ūn/īn rhyme that’s mostly based on regular plural nouns and verbs conjugated for masculine plural. Verse no. 83 says: “That was Our argument with which We equipped Abraham against his people. We raise, in degrees of rank, whom We will.” | |||
The word nashāʾ (we will) doesn’t fit the rhyme of the surrounding verses. So the Quran employs the poetic device of using two attributes of God with the last attribute fitting the rhyme of the verses, and so the Quran adds to the verse: “Verily, your Lord is Wise, Knowing.”. Knowing | Surah no.6 follows an ūn/īn rhyme that’s mostly based on regular plural nouns and verbs conjugated for masculine plural. Verse no. 83 says: | ||
The word ʕalīm was used in the same manner in 44 verses. But the Quran usually doesn’t only use one word as an attribute of God in the ending of verses. The Quran usually uses a pair of two words that form an internal rhyme with each other while the second word of the pair forms an external rhyme with the final words of the surrounding verses. All the internal rhymes of verse-final attributes of God | |||
“That was Our argument with which We equipped Abraham against his people. We raise, in degrees of rank, whom We will.” | |||
Old Hijazi: | |||
The word nashāʾ (we will) doesn’t fit the rhyme of the surrounding verses. So the Quran employs the poetic device of using two attributes of God with the last attribute fitting the rhyme of the verses, and so the Quran adds to the verse: | |||
“Verily, your Lord is Wise, Knowing.”. | |||
The word ʕalīm (Knowing) rhymes with the final word of the preceding verse: muhtadūn, and rhymes with the final word of the following verse: muḥsinīn. | |||
The word ʕalīm was used in the same manner in 44 verses. But the Quran usually doesn’t only use one word as an attribute of God in the ending of verses. The Quran usually uses a pair of two words that form an internal rhyme with each other while the second word of the pair forms an external rhyme with the final words of the surrounding verses. All the internal rhymes of verse-final attributes of God become absent if they were read in classical Arabic. Take for example حكيم عليم “Knower, Wise” which was used in the ending of 15 verses: | |||
Old Hijazi: ḥakīm ʕalīm | |||
Classical Arabic: ḥakīmun ʕalīm | Classical Arabic: ḥakīmun ʕalīm | ||
A list of all Verse-final attributes of Allah that form Old Hijazi internal rhymes | A list of all Verse-final attributes of Allah that form Old Hijazi internal rhymes | ||