Mistranslations of Islamic Scripture (English): Difference between revisions

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Mistranslations of Islamic Scripture (English) (view source)

Revision as of 20:43, 5 June 2024

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Added more examples w.r.t. 4:34 and 18:86. Also fixed some typos.
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(Added more examples w.r.t. 4:34 and 18:86. Also fixed some typos.)
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{{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=3|References=3}}
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{{Quran|15|9}} declares that the [[Qur'an]] is [[Allah|Allah's]] [[revelation]] and that he promises to preserve it and protect it from corruption. In {{Quran|16|103}}, {{Quran|44|58}} and {{Quran|54|22}}, [{{Quran-url-only|54|32}} 32], [{{Quran-url-only|54|40}} 40], it is emphasized that the Qur'an was revealed in straight forward, easy to understand, and pure Arabic. Sunni Islamic scholars agree that all that which is fundamental to Islam (particularly most of Islamic law) which is not contained in the Quran must have been preserved in the form of hadiths. However, translations of these scriptures have not always been rendered faithfully into other languages such as English, particularly in recent times and especially when the audience concerned is that of a developed, first-world variety which likely holds to modern notions of human rights and liberalism.   
{{Quran|15|9}} declares that the [[Qur'an]] is [[Allah|Allah's]] [[revelation]] and that he promises to preserve it and protect it from corruption. In {{Quran|16|103}}, {{Quran|44|58}} and {{Quran|54|22}}, [{{Quran-url-only|54|32}} 32], [{{Quran-url-only|54|40}} 40], it is emphasized that the Qur'an was revealed in straightforward, easy to understand, and pure Arabic. Sunni Islamic scholars agree that all that which is fundamental to Islam (particularly most of Islamic law) which is not contained in the Quran must have been preserved in the form of hadiths. However, translations of these scriptures have not always been rendered faithfully into other languages such as English, particularly in recent times and especially when the audience concerned is that of a developed, first-world variety which likely holds to modern notions of human rights and liberalism.   


Some of the most prominent and officially recognized English translators of the Qur'an (like Yusuf Ali, Dr. Rashad Khalifa and Muhammad Asad), in particular, have often (seemingly deliberately, given their knowledge and skill) mistranslated the most controversial and problematic verses in Qur'an. That these inaccurate translations are most common with verses that would be considered contrary to modern liberal values in the West suggests that these mistranslations were not unintentional or due to some unique difficulty of the Arabic words used in these verses. Similar mistranslations have been observed in translations of the hadiths as well as in translations of other key Islamic texts, such as legal manuals.  
Some of the most prominent and officially recognized English translators of the Qur'an (like Yusuf Ali, Dr. Rashad Khalifa and Muhammad Asad), in particular, have often (seemingly deliberately, given their knowledge and skill) mistranslated the most controversial and problematic verses in the Qur'an. That these inaccurate translations are most common with verses that would be considered contrary to modern liberal values in the West suggests that these mistranslations were not unintentional or due to some unique difficulty of the Arabic words used in these verses. Similar mistranslations have been observed in translations of the hadiths as well as in translations of other key Islamic texts, such as legal manuals.  


==Quran==
==Quran==
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===(4:34) Wife-beating===
===(4:34) Wife-beating===
{{Main|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}}
{{Main|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}}
{{Quran|4|34}} famously instructs men to beat their wives and forms the basis of the Islamic legal ruling which permits as much. The below translation is taken from Yusuf Ali.
{{Quran|4|34}} famously instructs men to beat their wives and forms the basis of the Islamic legal ruling which permits as much.


{{Quote|{{Quran|4|34}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband's) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all).}}
This verse states that men are in charge of women with what they spend on them, and have the right to direct them in life. Also in the same verse, women are told to obey men and if they don’t, then men have the authority to admonish them, refuse to share beds and beat them. Many translators added words like "first", "next" and "last" so that beating your wife appears to be the last resort. In addition, they added the word “lightly” in brackets after “beating them”, despite the fact that this word or connotation is not found in the source text.  


This verse states that men are in charge of women with what they spend on them, and have the right to direct them in life. Also in the same verse, women are told to obey men and if they don’t, then men have the authority to admonish them and if they persist in disobedience (or, read more literally, if the husband simply ''fears'' disobedience), then men may proceed to beat them. Yusuf Ali, a prominent translator of the Qur'an, adds the word “lightly” in brackets, after “beating them”, despite the fact that this word or connonation is not found in the source text.
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|34}}|'''Saheeh International:''' Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allāh has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard. But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance - '''[first]''' advise them; '''[then if they persist]''', forsake them in bed; and '''[finally]''', strike them '''[lightly]'''. But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted and Grand.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|34}}|'''Al-Hilali & Khan:''' Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allâh has made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend (to support them) from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient (to Allâh and to their husbands), and guard in the husband’s absence what Allâh orders them to guard (e.g. their chastity, their husband’s property). As to those women on whose part you see ill-conduct, admonish them '''(first)''', '''(next)''', refuse to share their beds, '''(and last)''' beat them '''(lightly, if it is useful)'''; but if they return to obedience, seek not against them means (of annoyance). Surely, Allâh is Ever Most High, Most Great.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|34}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband's) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them '''(first)''', '''(Next)''', refuse to share their beds, '''(And last)''' beat them '''(lightly)'''; but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all).}}Mustafa Khattab's translation includes the aforementioned problems. Besides, he mistranslated beat (ٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ) as "discipline".{{Quote|{{Quran|4|34}}|'''Mustafa Khattab:''' Men are the caretakers of women, as men have been provisioned by Allah over women and tasked with supporting them financially. And righteous women are devoutly obedient and, when alone, protective of what Allah has entrusted them with. And if you sense ill-conduct from your women, advise them '''˹first˺''', '''˹if they persist,˺''' do not share their beds, '''˹but if they still persist,˺''' then '''discipline''' them '''˹gently˺'''. But if they change their ways, do not be unjust to them. Surely Allah is Most High, All-Great.}}


===(23:14) Fetal development===
===(23:14) Fetal development===
{{Quran|23|14}} presents a schema regarding the development of the human fetus. The following translations are taken from Pickthall an Yusuf Ali.
{{Quran|23|14}} presents a schema regarding the development of the human fetus. The following translations are taken from Pickthall and Yusuf Ali.


{{Quote|{{Quran|23|14}}|'''Pickthal:''' Then fashioned We the drop a clot, then fashioned We the clot a little lump, then fashioned We the little lump bones, then clothed the bones with flesh, and then produced it as another creation. So blessed be Allah, the Best of creators! <br>
{{Quote|{{Quran|23|14}}|'''Pickthal:''' Then fashioned We the drop a clot, then fashioned We the clot a little lump, then fashioned We the little lump bones, '''then''' clothed the bones with flesh, and then produced it as another creation. So blessed be Allah, the Best of creators!}}


'''Yusuf Ali:''' Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (foetus) lump; then we made out of that lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then we developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create!}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|23|14}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (foetus) lump; then we made out of that lump bones '''and''' clothed the bones with flesh; then we developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create!}}


This verse is often used as an example of how translators (in this case Yusuf Ali, who is authorized by the Saudi Islamic authority and Al-Azhar University) have often mistranslated verses in ways that appear less objectionable liberal, Western audiences.  
This verse is often used as an example of how translators (in this case Yusuf Ali, who is authorized by the Saudi Islamic authority and Al-Azhar University) have often mistranslated verses in ways that appear less objectionable to liberal, Western audiences.  


Yusuf Ali, in his translation, replaces the word "then" with "and". He also replaces “the best of creators” (plural) with “the best to create” (singular). The difference in the meaning is crucial because the word “then” suggests another and separate phase, while the word “and” means bones and flesh form simultaneously or during one phase, which conforms to modern science, even though this does not appear in the original Arabic text.   
Yusuf Ali, in his translation, replaces the word "then" with "and". He also replaces “the best of creators” (plural) with “the best to create” (singular). The difference in the meaning is crucial because the word “then” suggests another and separate phase, while the word “and” means bones and flesh form simultaneously or during one phase, which conforms to modern science, even though this does not appear in the original Arabic text.   
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{{Quote|1=[http://www.islamic-council.com/qurane/def1.asp Quran 23:14]|2=Then We created the nutfah (sperm-drop) into a clinging organism. Then We created the clinging organism into a bolus-like chewed-up mass of coherent body of matter. Then We created the bolus-like chewed-up mass into bones, and We dressed the bones flesh. Out of this We brought it forth as a different creation. So, blessed be Allâh, The Fairest of creators.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://www.islamic-council.com/qurane/def1.asp Quran 23:14]|2=Then We created the nutfah (sperm-drop) into a clinging organism. Then We created the clinging organism into a bolus-like chewed-up mass of coherent body of matter. Then We created the bolus-like chewed-up mass into bones, and We dressed the bones flesh. Out of this We brought it forth as a different creation. So, blessed be Allâh, The Fairest of creators.}}


===(18:86) Sun sets in a muddy spring===
===(18:86) Sun sets in a muddy spring ===
{{Main|Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One}}
{{Main|Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One}}
{{Quran|18|86}} describes the story of Dhul-Qarnayn (Alexander the Great) wherein he is said to arrive at a location where he observes the sun setting in a muddy spring.
{{Quran|18|86}} describes the story of Dhul-Qarnayn (often identified with Alexander the Great) wherein he is said to arrive at a location where he observes the sun setting in a muddy spring.


{{Quote|{{Quran|18|86}}|Till, when he reached the setting-place of the sun, he found it setting in a muddy spring, and found a people thereabout. We said: O Dhu'l-Qarneyn! Either punish or show them kindness.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|18|86}}|'''Pickthall:''' Till, when he reached the setting-place of the sun, he found it setting in a muddy spring, and found a people thereabout. We said: O Dhu'l-Qarneyn! Either punish or show them kindness.}}


Modern Islamic scholars have argued that the verse describes a visual representation of what Dhul-Qarnayn saw as the sun set into the “horizon”. Such explanations are frustrated by authoritative sources, themselves represented by the likes of ''Tafsir Al-Jalalayn'' (p. 251), and numerous classical authorities (which explain that the setting of the sun is in a well containing a murky mud). The same interpretation is found in al-Tabari’s commentaries (p. 339) as well as in the ''Concise Interpretation of al-Tabari'' (p. 19 of part 2) in which he remarks that the well in which the sun sets "contains lime and murky mud". The words “apparent” or “looks like” do not appear in classical explanations or commentaries. Indeed, the verse appears to reflect the [[Cosmology of the Quran|cosmological views]] [[Muhammad|Muhammad]] would have been expected to have in seventh century Arabia. Furthermore, since the earth is in fact round, [[Flat Earth and the Quran|not flat]] (as the Qur'an appears to suggest), Dhul-Qarnayn could never have reached some "farthest point", since no such point exists on a globe.   
Modern Islamic scholars have argued that the verse describes a visual representation of what Dhul-Qarnayn saw as the sun set into the “horizon”. Such explanations are frustrated by authoritative sources, themselves represented by the likes of ''Tafsir Al-Jalalayn'' (p. 251), and numerous classical authorities (which explain that the setting of the sun is in a well containing a murky mud). The same interpretation is found in al-Tabari’s commentaries (p. 339) as well as in the ''Concise Interpretation of al-Tabari'' (p. 19 of part 2) in which he remarks that the well in which the sun sets "contains lime and murky mud". The words “apparent” or “looks like” do not appear in classical explanations or commentaries. Indeed, the verse appears to reflect the [[Cosmology of the Quran|cosmological views]] [[Muhammad]] would have been expected to have in seventh century Arabia. Furthermore, since the earth is in fact round, [[Flat Earth and the Quran|not flat]] (as the Qur'an appears to suggest), Dhul-Qarnayn could never have reached some "farthest point", since no such point exists on a globe.   


The al-Azhar site confronts this challenge by mistranslating thisverse, specifiying that the "muddy spring" is in fact the Atlantic Ocean, which ''appeared to Dhul-Qarnayn'' as a muddy spring. The Sahih International translation inserts a parenthetical [as if] which does not exist in the original Arabic text and is nowhere implied.   
The al-Azhar site confronts this challenge by mistranslating this verse, specifying that the "muddy spring" is in fact the Atlantic Ocean, which ''appeared to Dhul-Qarnayn'' as a muddy spring.  
The Saheeh International translation inserts a parenthetical [as if] which does not exist in the original Arabic text and is nowhere implied.   


{{Quote|{{quran|18|86}}|Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it [as if] setting in a spring of dark mud, and he found near it a people. Allah said, "O Dhul-Qarnayn, either you punish [them] or else adopt among them [a way of] goodness."}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|18|86}}|'''Saheeh International:''' Until, when he reached the setting of the sun [i.e., the west], he found it '''[as if]''' setting in a body of dark water, and he found near it a people. We [i.e., Allāh] said, "O Dhul-Qarnayn, either you punish [them] or else adopt among them [a way of] goodness."}}
 
Mustafa Khattab mistranslated "he found it" (wajadaha) as "which appeared to him".
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|18|86}}|'''Mustafa Khattab:''' Until he reached the setting ˹point˺ of the sun, '''which appeared to him''' to be setting in a spring of murky water, where he found some people. We said, “O Ⱬul-Qarnain! Either punish them or treat them kindly.”}}


===(86:5-7) Semen production===
===(86:5-7) Semen production===
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{{Quran-range|86|5|7}} states that sperm originates from an area between the breastbone and the backbone.  
{{Quran-range|86|5|7}} states that sperm originates from an area between the breastbone and the backbone.  


{{Quote|{{Quran|86|5-7}}|5. Now let man but think from what he is created!<BR>  
{{Quote|{{Quran|86|5-7}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' 5. Now let man but think from what he is created!<BR>  
6. He is created from a drop emitted- <BR>  
6. He is created from a drop emitted- <BR>  
7. Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs}}
7. Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs}}
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The al-Azhar site translates the origination point of sperm as from "between the pelvis and breast bone".
The al-Azhar site translates the origination point of sperm as from "between the pelvis and breast bone".


===(22:52) Satanic verses===
===(22:52) Satanic verses ===
{{Main|Satanic Verses (Gharaniq Incident)}}
{{Main|Satanic Verses (Gharaniq Incident)}}
{{Quran|22|52}} is said to have been revealed after the incident with respect to the Satanic Verses. This verse absolves Muhammad of responsibility for the Satanic Verses. The verse says that Satan influenced the recitations of all previous prophets. The text literally says "when he recited Satan threw (something) into his recitation." (إِذَا تَمَنَّىٰٓ أَلْقَى ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ فِىٓ أُمْنِيَّتِهِۦ)  
{{Quran|22|52}} is said to have been revealed after the incident with respect to the Satanic Verses. This verse absolves Muhammad of responsibility for the Satanic Verses. The verse says that Satan influenced the recitations of all previous prophets. The text literally says "when he recited Satan threw (something) into his recitation." (إِذَا تَمَنَّىٰٓ أَلْقَى ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ فِىٓ أُمْنِيَّتِهِۦ)  
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*إِذَا (''itha'') - when
*إِذَا (''itha'') - when
* تَمَنَّىٰٓ (''tamannaa'') - he recited
*تَمَنَّىٰٓ (''tamannaa'') - he recited
*أَلْقَى (''alqaa'') - threw
*أَلْقَى (''alqaa'') - threw
*ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ (''ashshaytanu'') - Satan
*ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ (''ashshaytanu'') - Satan
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Some translations try to cover up Satan's influencing of recitations. For example, by suggesting that Satan influenced people's understanding of the verse.  
Some translations try to cover up Satan's influencing of recitations. For example, by suggesting that Satan influenced people's understanding of the verse.  


{{Quote||'''Mustafa Khattab:''' Whenever We sent a messenger or a prophet before you ˹O Prophet˺ and he recited ˹Our revelations˺, Satan would influence ˹people’s understanding of˺ his recitation. But ˹eventually˺ Allah would eliminate Satan’s influence. Then Allah would ˹firmly˺ establish His revelations. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|52}}|'''Mustafa Khattab:''' Whenever We sent a messenger or a prophet before you ˹O Prophet˺ and he recited ˹Our revelations˺, Satan would influence ˹people’s understanding of˺ his recitation. But ˹eventually˺ Allah would eliminate Satan’s influence. Then Allah would ˹firmly˺ establish His revelations. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.}}


{{Quote||'''T. Usmani:''' We did not send any messenger before you nor a prophet, but (he faced a situation that) when he recited (the revelation), the Satan cast (doubts in the hearts of his opponents) about what he recited. So, Allah nullifies what the Satan casts, then Allah makes His verses firm, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|52}}|'''T. Usmani:''' We did not send any messenger before you nor a prophet, but (he faced a situation that) when he recited (the revelation), the Satan cast (doubts in the hearts of his opponents) about what he recited. So, Allah nullifies what the Satan casts, then Allah makes His verses firm, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise}}


{{Quote||'''M.A.S. Abdel Haleem:''' We have never sent any messenger or prophet before you [Muhammad] into whose wishes Satan did not insinuate something, but God removes what Satan insinuates and then God affirms His message. God is all knowing and wise:}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|52}}|'''M.A.S. Abdel Haleem:''' We have never sent any messenger or prophet before you [Muhammad] into whose wishes Satan did not insinuate something, but God removes what Satan insinuates and then God affirms His message. God is all knowing and wise:}}


{{Quote||'''M. Pickthall:''' Never sent We a messenger or a prophet before thee but when He recited (the message) Satan proposed (opposition) in respect of that which he recited thereof. But Allah abolisheth that which Satan proposeth. Then Allah establisheth His revelations. Allah is Knower, Wise;}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|52}}|'''M. Pickthall:''' Never sent We a messenger or a prophet before thee but when He recited (the message) Satan proposed (opposition) in respect of that which he recited thereof. But Allah abolisheth that which Satan proposeth. Then Allah establisheth His revelations. Allah is Knower, Wise;}}


===(3:54) Allah the best of deceivers===
===(3:54) Allah the best of deceivers===
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'''Transliteration:''' Wamakaroo wamakara Allahu waAllahu khayru almakireena
'''Transliteration:''' Wamakaroo wamakara Allahu waAllahu khayru almakireena


'''Literal:''' And they cheated/deceived and God cheated/deceived, and God (is) the best (of) the cheaters/deceivers.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/3/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 3. Ali-Imran - The Family Of 'Imran (سورة آل عمران) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}This has been mistranslated as the best of plotters/planners/schemers in various translations.{{Quote||'''Saheeh International:''' And they [i.e., the disbelievers] planned, but Allāh planned. And '''Allāh is the best of planners.'''}}
'''Literal:''' And they cheated/deceived and God cheated/deceived, and God (is) the best (of) the cheaters/deceivers.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/3/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 3. Ali-Imran - The Family Of 'Imran (سورة آل عمران) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}This has been mistranslated as the best of plotters/planners/schemers in various translations.{{Quote|{{Quran|3|54}}|'''Saheeh International:''' And they [i.e., the disbelievers] planned, but Allāh planned. And '''Allāh is the best of planners.'''}}


{{Quote||'''Al-Hilali & Khan:''' And they (disbelievers) plotted to kill ‘Îsâ [(Jesus) عليه السلام], and Allâh plotted too. And '''Allâh is the Best of those who plot.'''}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|54}}|'''Al-Hilali & Khan:''' And they (disbelievers) plotted to kill ‘Îsâ [(Jesus) عليه السلام], and Allâh plotted too. And '''Allâh is the Best of those who plot.'''}}


{{Quote||'''M.A.S. Abdel Haleem:''' The [disbelievers] schemed but God also schemed; '''God is the Best of Schemers.'''}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|54}}|'''M.A.S. Abdel Haleem:''' The [disbelievers] schemed but God also schemed; '''God is the Best of Schemers.'''}}


===(9:29) Fight people until they pay the jizya willingly while they are humbled===
=== (9:29) Fight people until they pay the jizya willingly while they are humbled===
{{Quran|9|29}} tells Muslims to fight the People of the Book until they pay [[Jizyah|jizya]] with their hands (عَن يَدٖ) ('an yadin) while they are humiliated/belittled (صَٰغِرُونَ) (Saghiroon).
{{Quran|9|29}} tells Muslims to fight the People of the Book until they pay [[Jizyah|jizya]] with their hands (عَن يَدٖ) ('an yadin) while they are humiliated/belittled (صَٰغِرُونَ) (Saghiroon).
Several translators mistranslate 'an yadin as willingly and Saghiroon as humbled.
Several translators mistranslate 'an yadin as willingly and Saghiroon as humbled.


{{Quote||'''Mustafa Khattab:''' Fight those who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day, nor comply with what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, nor embrace the religion of truth from among those who were given the Scripture, until they pay the tax, '''willingly submitting''', fully '''humbled'''.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|'''Mustafa Khattab:''' Fight those who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day, nor comply with what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, nor embrace the religion of truth from among those who were given the Scripture, until they pay the tax, '''willingly submitting''', fully '''humbled'''.}}


{{Quote||'''Saheeh International:''' Fight against those who do not believe in Allāh or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allāh and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth [i.e., Islām] from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah '''willingly''' while they are '''humbled'''.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|'''Saheeh International:''' Fight against those who do not believe in Allāh or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allāh and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth [i.e., Islām] from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah '''willingly''' while they are '''humbled'''.}}


===(10:5) Moon is a (reflective) light===
=== (10:5) Moon is a (reflective) light===
The Quran calls the moon a light (نُورٗا) in {{Quran|10|5}}. In reality, the moon only reflects sunlight. Some translators have tried to incorporate this in their translation, but it is not mentioned in the Arabic.
The Quran calls the moon a light (نُورٗا) in {{Quran|10|5}}. In reality, the moon only reflects sunlight. Some translators have tried to incorporate this in their translation, but it is not mentioned in the Arabic.


{{Quote||'''Mustafa Khattab:''' He is the One Who made the sun a radiant source and the moon a '''reflected light''', with precisely ordained phases, so that you may know the number of years and calculation ˹of time˺. Allah did not create all this except for a purpose. He makes the signs clear for people of knowledge.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|10|5}}|'''Mustafa Khattab:''' He is the One Who made the sun a radiant source and the moon a '''reflected light''', with precisely ordained phases, so that you may know the number of years and calculation ˹of time˺. Allah did not create all this except for a purpose. He makes the signs clear for people of knowledge.}}


{{Quote||'''Saheeh International:''' It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a '''derived light''' and determined for it phases - that you may know the number of years and account [of time]. Allāh has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for a people who know.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|10|5}}|'''Saheeh International:''' It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a '''derived light''' and determined for it phases - that you may know the number of years and account [of time]. Allāh has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for a people who know.}}


===(4:11) Inheritance===
===(4:11) Inheritance===
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The following translations cover up the mistake.
The following translations cover up the mistake.


{{Quote||'''Mustafa Khattab:''' Allah commands you regarding your children: the share of the male will be twice that of the female. If you leave only '''two ˹or more˺ females''', their share is two-thirds of the estate. [...]}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|11}}|'''Mustafa Khattab:''' Allah commands you regarding your children: the share of the male will be twice that of the female. If you leave only '''two ˹or more˺ females''', their share is two-thirds of the estate. [...]}}


{{Quote||'''Saheeh International:''' Allāh instructs you concerning your children [i.e., their portions of inheritance]: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, '''two or more''', for them is two thirds of one's estate. [...]}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|11}}|'''Saheeh International:''' Allāh instructs you concerning your children [i.e., their portions of inheritance]: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, '''two or more''', for them is two thirds of one's estate. [...]}}


{{Quote||'''M.A.S. Abdel Haleem:''' Concerning your children, God commands you that a son should have the equivalent share of two daughters. If there are only daughters, '''two or more''' should share two-thirds of the inheritance, if one, she should have half. [...]}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|11}}|'''M.A.S. Abdel Haleem:''' Concerning your children, God commands you that a son should have the equivalent share of two daughters. If there are only daughters, '''two or more''' should share two-thirds of the inheritance, if one, she should have half. [...]}}


{{Quote||'''Yusuf Ali:''' Allah (thus) directs you as regards your Children's (Inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females: if only daughters, '''two or more''', their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. [...]}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|11}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' Allah (thus) directs you as regards your Children's (Inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females: if only daughters, '''two or more''', their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. [...]}}


{{Quote||'''Al-Hilali & Khan:''' Allâh commands you as regards your children’s (inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females; if (there are) only daughters, '''two or more''', their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. [...]}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|11}}|'''Al-Hilali & Khan:''' Allâh commands you as regards your children’s (inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females; if (there are) only daughters, '''two or more''', their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. [...]}}


=== (67:5) Shooting stars===
===(67:5) Shooting stars===
{{Main|Shooting Stars in the Quran}}
{{Main|Shooting Stars in the Quran}}
{{Quran|67|5}} discusses the [[Jinn]] (mythical creatures that are described in Islamic scriptures as living among humans)<ref>Mawdudi, Sayyid Abul Ala, Tafhim ul Quran, Markazi Maktaba Islami, Delhi, 1995, vol. 6, p.110</ref> and stars from the "lowest heaven" which are used as missiles against any mischievous jinn that attempts to eavesdrop on conversations between angels.<ref>"...''The Jinns would go to the lowest heaven and listen to the Angels conversing amongst themselves about events of the Future which they heard from Allah. The Jinns would then inform the fortune-tellers. This is why before the time of the Prophet (saws) many fortune-tellers were very accurate in their predictions. However, upon the Prophet's arrival the heavens were guarded intensely by the Angels, and any Jinn who tried to listen was attacked by meteors (shooting stars)''..." - [http://www.islamawareness.net/Jinn/world.html The World of Jinn] - Invitation to Islam, Issue 4, January 1998</ref>
{{Quran|67|5}} discusses the [[jinn]] (mythical creatures that are described in Islamic scriptures as living among humans)<ref>Mawdudi, Sayyid Abul Ala, Tafhim ul Quran, Markazi Maktaba Islami, Delhi, 1995, vol. 6, p.110</ref> and stars from the "lowest heaven" which are used as missiles against any mischievous jinn that attempts to eavesdrop on conversations between angels.<ref>"...''The Jinns would go to the lowest heaven and listen to the Angels conversing amongst themselves about events of the Future which they heard from Allah. The Jinns would then inform the fortune-tellers. This is why before the time of the Prophet (saws) many fortune-tellers were very accurate in their predictions. However, upon the Prophet's arrival the heavens were guarded intensely by the Angels, and any Jinn who tried to listen was attacked by meteors (shooting stars)''..." - [http://www.islamawareness.net/Jinn/world.html The World of Jinn] - Invitation to Islam, Issue 4, January 1998</ref>


{{quote |{{Qtt|67|5}}|وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنْيَا بِمَصَٰبِيحَ وَجَعَلْنَٰهَا رُجُومًا لِّلشَّيَٰطِينِ ۖ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابَ ٱلسَّعِيرِ
{{quote |{{Qtt|67|5}}|وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنْيَا بِمَصَٰبِيحَ وَجَعَلْنَٰهَا رُجُومًا لِّلشَّيَٰطِينِ ۖ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابَ ٱلسَّعِيرِ
<br>'''Transliteration:''' Walaqad zayyanna alssamaa alddunya bimasabeeha wajaAAalnaha rujooman lilshshayateeni waaAAtadna lahum AAathaba alssaAAeeri<br>'''Literal:''' And certainly We have beautified the heaven (ٱلسَّمَآءَ, ''as-samaa'a'') nearest (ٱلدُّنْيَا, ''ad-dunyaa'') with lamps (بِمَصَٰبِيحَ, ''bi-masaabeeh'') and We have made them (as) missiles (رُجُومًا, ''rujooman'') for the devils, and We have prepared for them punishment(of) the Blaze.<ref>[http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=5 Word-by-Word Grammar - Verse (67:5)] - The Quranic Arabic Corpus</ref>}}  
<br>'''Transliteration:''' Walaqad zayyanna alssamaa alddunya bimasabeeha wajaAAalnaha rujooman lilshshayateeni waaAAtadna lahum AAathaba alssaAAeeri<br>'''Literal:''' And certainly We have beautified the heaven (ٱلسَّمَآءَ, ''as-samaa'a'') nearest (ٱلدُّنْيَا, ''ad-dunyaa'') with lamps (بِمَصَٰبِيحَ, ''bi-masaabeeh'') and We have made them (as) missiles (رُجُومًا, ''rujooman'') for the devils, and We have prepared for them punishment(of) the Blaze.<ref>[http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=67&verse=5 Word-by-Word Grammar - Verse (67:5)] - The Quranic Arabic Corpus</ref>}}  


*ٱلسَّمَآءَ (''as-samaa'a'') means heaven or sky.<ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1/</ref>
*ٱلسَّمَآءَ (''as-samaa'a'') means heaven or sky.<ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1/</ref>
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Below are the three most popular and readily available translations of the verse from Islamic sources.
Below are the three most popular and readily available translations of the verse from Islamic sources.


{{Quote||'''Pickthal:''' And verily We have beautified the world's heaven with lamps, and We have made them missiles for the devils, and for them We have prepared the doom of flame.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Pickthal:''' And verily We have beautified the world's heaven with lamps, and We have made them missiles for the devils, and for them We have prepared the doom of flame.}}
 
{{Quote||'''Shakir:''' And certainly We have adorned this lower heaven with lamps and We have made these missiles for the Shaitans, and We have prepared for them the chastisement of burning.}}


{{Quote||'''Yusuf Ali:''' And we have, (from of old), adorned the lowest heaven with Lamps, and We have made such (Lamps) (as) missiles to drive away the Evil Ones, and have prepared for them the Penalty of the Blazing Fire.}}The below translations from non-Islamic sources are also generally accepted, albeit not frequently cited in Islamic circles.{{Quote||'''Arberry:''' And We adorned the lower heaven with lamps, and made them things to stone Satans; and We have prepared for them the chastisement of the Blaze.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Shakir:''' And certainly We have adorned this lower heaven with lamps and We have made these missiles for the Shaitans, and We have prepared for them the chastisement of burning.}}


{{Quote||'''Palmer:''' And we have adorned the lower heaven with lamps; and set them to pelt the devils with; and we have prepared for them the torment of the blaze!}}  
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' And we have, (from of old), adorned the lowest heaven with Lamps, and We have made such (Lamps) (as) missiles to drive away the Evil Ones, and have prepared for them the Penalty of the Blazing Fire.}}The below translations from non-Islamic sources are also generally accepted, albeit not frequently cited in Islamic circles.{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Arberry:''' And We adorned the lower heaven with lamps, and made them things to stone Satans; and We have prepared for them the chastisement of the Blaze.}}


{{Quote||'''George Sale:''' Moreover We have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, and have appointed them to be darted at the devils, for whom We have prepared the torment of burning fire:}}  
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Palmer:''' And we have adorned the lower heaven with lamps; and set them to pelt the devils with; and we have prepared for them the torment of the blaze!}}  


{{Quote||'''JM Rodwell:''' Moreover we have decked the lowest heaven with lights, and have placed them there to be hurled at the Satans, for whom we have prepared the torment of the flaming fire.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''George Sale:''' Moreover We have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, and have appointed them to be darted at the devils, for whom We have prepared the torment of burning fire:}}  


A further twelve translations confirm the above translations.<ref>{{Quote||'''Abdel Haleem:''' We have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and made them [missiles] for stoning devils for whom We have also prepared the torment of a blazing fire.}}{{Quote||'''Muhammad Ahmed - Samira:''' We have adorned the lowest sky with lamps, and made them missiles against the devils, for whom We have prepared a torment of most intense fire.}}{{Quote||'''Qaribullah:''' We have adorned the lower heaven with lamps, and We made them a stoning for the satans, We have prepared the punishment of the Blaze for them.}}{{Quote||'''Faridul Haque:''' And indeed We have beautified the lower heaven with lamps, and have made them weapons against the devils, and have kept prepared for them the punishment of the blazing fire.}}{{Quote||'''Syed Vickar Ahamed:''' And indeed, We have decorated the lowest heaven with lamps, and We have made them (like) missiles to drive away the Satans, and have prepared for them the penalty of the blazing Fire.}}{{Quote||'''Muhammad Taqi Usmani:''' And We have decorated the nearest sky with lamps, and have made them devices to stone the devils, and We have prepared for them the punishment of Hell.}}{{Quote||'''Muhammad Sarwar:''' We have decked the lowest heavens with torches. With these torches We have stoned the devils and We have prepared for them the torment of hell.}}{{Quote||'''Hamid S. Aziz:''' And certainly We have adorned this lower heaven with lamps and We have made these missiles for Satan, and We have prepared for them the chastisement of burning.}}{{Quote||'''Muhammad Mahmoud Ghali:''' And indeed We have already adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and made them outcast (meteorites) for Ash-Shayatin (The ever-vicious "ones", i.e., the devils) and We have readied for them the torment of the Blaze.}}{{Quote||'''Ali Quli Qara'i:''' We have certainly adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, and made them missiles against the devils, and We have prepared for them punishment of the Blaze.}}{{Quote||'''Abdul Majid Daryabad:''' And assuredly We have bedecked the nearest heaven with lamps, and We have made them missiles for satans: and for them We have gotten ready the torment of the Blaze.}}{{Quote||'''Sher Ali:''' And verily, WE have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, and WE have made them the means of driving away satans, and WE have prepared for them the punishment of the blazing Fire.}}</ref>  
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''JM Rodwell:''' Moreover we have decked the lowest heaven with lights, and have placed them there to be hurled at the Satans, for whom we have prepared the torment of the flaming fire.}}A further twelve translations confirm the above translations.<ref>{{Quote||'''Abdel Haleem:''' We have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and made them [missiles] for stoning devils for whom We have also prepared the torment of a blazing fire.}}{{Quote||'''Muhammad Ahmed - Samira:''' We have adorned the lowest sky with lamps, and made them missiles against the devils, for whom We have prepared a torment of most intense fire.}}{{Quote||'''Qaribullah:''' We have adorned the lower heaven with lamps, and We made them a stoning for the satans, We have prepared the punishment of the Blaze for them.}}{{Quote||'''Faridul Haque:''' And indeed We have beautified the lower heaven with lamps, and have made them weapons against the devils, and have kept prepared for them the punishment of the blazing fire.}}{{Quote||'''Syed Vickar Ahamed:''' And indeed, We have decorated the lowest heaven with lamps, and We have made them (like) missiles to drive away the Satans, and have prepared for them the penalty of the blazing Fire.}}{{Quote||'''Muhammad Taqi Usmani:''' And We have decorated the nearest sky with lamps, and have made them devices to stone the devils, and We have prepared for them the punishment of Hell.}}{{Quote||'''Muhammad Sarwar:''' We have decked the lowest heavens with torches. With these torches We have stoned the devils and We have prepared for them the torment of hell.}}{{Quote||'''Hamid S. Aziz:''' And certainly We have adorned this lower heaven with lamps and We have made these missiles for Satan, and We have prepared for them the chastisement of burning.}}{{Quote||'''Muhammad Mahmoud Ghali:''' And indeed We have already adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and made them outcast (meteorites) for Ash-Shayatin (The ever-vicious "ones", i.e., the devils) and We have readied for them the torment of the Blaze.}}{{Quote||'''Ali Quli Qara'i:''' We have certainly adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, and made them missiles against the devils, and We have prepared for them punishment of the Blaze.}}{{Quote||'''Abdul Majid Daryabad:''' And assuredly We have bedecked the nearest heaven with lamps, and We have made them missiles for satans: and for them We have gotten ready the torment of the Blaze.}}{{Quote||'''Sher Ali:''' And verily, WE have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, and WE have made them the means of driving away satans, and WE have prepared for them the punishment of the blazing Fire.}}</ref>


====Mistranslations====
====Mistranslations====
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The following two translations distort the idea of stars being used to stone jinn by describing the missiles as being made out of/from the stars, but not being the stars themselves.
The following two translations distort the idea of stars being used to stone jinn by describing the missiles as being made out of/from the stars, but not being the stars themselves.


{{Quote||'''Umm Muhammad (Sahih International):''' And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with stars and have made [from] them what is thrown at the devils and have prepared for them the punishment of the Blaze.}}  
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Umm Muhammad (Sahih International):''' And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with stars and have made [from] them what is thrown at the devils and have prepared for them the punishment of the Blaze.}}  


{{Quote||'''Ali Ünal:''' And, indeed, We have adorned the lowest heaven (the heaven of the world) with lamps (stars), and made (out of) them missiles to drive away devils; and for them We have prepared (in the Hereafter) the punishment of the Blaze.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Ali Ünal:''' And, indeed, We have adorned the lowest heaven (the heaven of the world) with lamps (stars), and made (out of) them missiles to drive away devils; and for them We have prepared (in the Hereafter) the punishment of the Blaze.}}


Another two translations include their modifications without using brackets, which is even more misleading giving the impression that this text is literally part of the Arabic original:  
Another two translations include their modifications without using brackets, which is even more misleading giving the impression that this text is literally part of the Arabic original:  


{{Quote||'''Aisha Bewley:''' We have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and made ''some of them stones'' for the shaytans for whom We have prepared the punishment of the Blaze.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Aisha Bewley:''' We have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and made ''some of them stones'' for the shaytans for whom We have prepared the punishment of the Blaze.}}


{{Quote||'''Al-Muntakhab:''' And We decorated the lowermost heaven with lamps (or heavenly bodies), ''some of them adapted'' to be like weapons in pursuit of the evil ones for whom We have prepared torture in the blazes of Hell.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Al-Muntakhab:''' And We decorated the lowermost heaven with lamps (or heavenly bodies), ''some of them adapted'' to be like weapons in pursuit of the evil ones for whom We have prepared torture in the blazes of Hell.}}


In two other translations, the lamps and the projectiles used against the devilish jinn are referred to as separate entities, though this disagrees with the Arabic text in which there is a pronoun used to refer to the "projectiles" whose clear antecedent is the plural word "lamps".
In two other translations, the lamps and the projectiles used against the devilish jinn are referred to as separate entities, though this disagrees with the Arabic text in which there is a pronoun used to refer to the "projectiles" whose clear antecedent is the plural word "lamps".


{{Quote||'''Khalifa:''' We adorned the lowest universe with lamps, and guarded its borders with projectiles against the devils; we prepared for them a retribution in Hell.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Khalifa:''' We adorned the lowest universe with lamps, and guarded its borders with projectiles against the devils; we prepared for them a retribution in Hell.}}


{{Quote||'''Progressive Muslims:''' And We have adorned this universe with lamps, and We made it with projectiles against the devils; and We prepared for them the retribution of the blazing Fire.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Progressive Muslims:''' And We have adorned this universe with lamps, and We made it with projectiles against the devils; and We prepared for them the retribution of the blazing Fire.}}


====Reinterpretations presented as translations ====
====Reinterpretations presented as translations====


The following translations depart entirely from the classical interpretations of the verse and, it would appear, the very wording of the verse itself.  
The following translations depart entirely from the classical interpretations of the verse and, it would appear, the very wording of the verse itself.  


{{Quote||'''Maulana Ali:''' And certainly We have adorned this lower heaven with lamps and We make them means of conjectures for the devils, and We have prepared for them the chastisement of burning.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Maulana Ali:''' And certainly We have adorned this lower heaven with lamps and We make them means of conjectures for the devils, and We have prepared for them the chastisement of burning.}}


{{Quote||'''Shabbir Ahmed:''' And indeed, We have beautified the sky of the world with shining lamps. And made them objects of futile guesses for the satans. (15:17), (37:6-9), (72:8). And for them We have prepared the doom of blazing flames.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Shabbir Ahmed:''' And indeed, We have beautified the sky of the world with shining lamps. And made them objects of futile guesses for the satans. (15:17), (37:6-9), (72:8). And for them We have prepared the doom of blazing flames.}}


Another three translations go a little further, asserting that the "devils/evil ones" refer to evil human cohorts and not to the jinn.
Another three translations go a little further, asserting that the "devils/evil ones" refer to evil human cohorts and not to the jinn.


{{Quote||'''Asad:''' And, indeed, We have adorned the skies nearest to the earth with lights, and have made them the object of futile guesses for the evil ones [from among men]: and for them have We readied suffering through a blazing flame –}}  
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Asad:''' And, indeed, We have adorned the skies nearest to the earth with lights, and have made them the object of futile guesses for the evil ones [from among men]: and for them have We readied suffering through a blazing flame –}}  


{{Quote||'''Farook Malik:''' And, indeed, We have adorned the skies nearest to the earth with lights, and have made them the object of futile guesses for the evil ones [from among men]: and for them have We readied suffering through a blazing flame.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Farook Malik:''' And, indeed, We have adorned the skies nearest to the earth with lights, and have made them the object of futile guesses for the evil ones [from among men]: and for them have We readied suffering through a blazing flame.}}


{{Quote||'''Amatul Rahman Omar:''' We have, certainly, adorned the lowest heaven with (stars-like) lamps and We have made them as means of conjecture for the evil ones (and the astrologers who invent good or bad omens from the movement of the stars). (Remember) We have prepared for these (soothesayers) the punishment of the blazing Fire.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Amatul Rahman Omar:''' We have, certainly, adorned the lowest heaven with (stars-like) lamps and We have made them as means of conjecture for the evil ones (and the astrologers who invent good or bad omens from the movement of the stars). (Remember) We have prepared for these (soothesayers) the punishment of the blazing Fire.}}


====Incorporation of modern science into translation====
==== Incorporation of modern science into translation ====


The following translation attempts to incorporate modern scientific understandings of cosmology into its reading of the verse, though makes it a point to use brackets to differentiate words inserted to facilitate this understanding from the original Arabic text itself:
The following translation attempts to incorporate modern scientific understandings of cosmology into its reading of the verse, though makes it a point to use brackets to differentiate words inserted to facilitate this understanding from the original Arabic text itself:


{{Quote||'''Bijan Moeinian:''' God has adorned the lowest universe with the sources of light [probably a reference to the Quasars], being used as missiles against the devils [perhaps the reference is to anti-matter which will be destroyed immediately in contact with the matter] and prepared for them a blazing fire.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|'''Bijan Moeinian:''' God has adorned the lowest universe with the sources of light [probably a reference to the Quasars], being used as missiles against the devils [perhaps the reference is to anti-matter which will be destroyed immediately in contact with the matter] and prepared for them a blazing fire.}}


==Hadith==
== Hadith==
=== The sun will rise "in the West" ===
===The sun will rise "in the West"===


A sign of the last hour that appears in numerous hadiths is often mistranslated as the sun rising "in the West". This mistranslation occurs throughout the English translation of Sahih Bukhari by Muhsin Khan and sometimes in the translation of Sahih Muslim by Abdul Hamid Sadiqqui.  
A sign of the last hour that appears in numerous hadiths is often mistranslated as the sun rising "in the West". This mistranslation occurs throughout the English translation of Sahih Bukhari by Muhsin Khan and sometimes in the translation of Sahih Muslim by Abdul Hamid Sadiqqui.  
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Abu Dawud's comment is ay tanaffasat (أَىْ تَنَفَّسَتْ), which is "That is to say 'I breathed'". The verb nun-fa-sin is used here in Arabic form V with the ta prefix and shadda (doubled) middle letter, which Lane's Lexicon says means "breathed". Form I can mean menstruated, but that is not the form used in the hadith.<ref>nun-fa-sin - [https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/25_n/208_nfs.html Lane's Lexicon]</ref>
Abu Dawud's comment is ay tanaffasat (أَىْ تَنَفَّسَتْ), which is "That is to say 'I breathed'". The verb nun-fa-sin is used here in Arabic form V with the ta prefix and shadda (doubled) middle letter, which Lane's Lexicon says means "breathed". Form I can mean menstruated, but that is not the form used in the hadith.<ref>nun-fa-sin - [https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/25_n/208_nfs.html Lane's Lexicon]</ref>


===Hit women without leaving a mark ===
===Hit women without leaving a mark===
Muhammad's 'Farewell Sermon' appears in various hadith collections and al-Tabari's History. A short version is found in ''Sunan Ibn Majah''. The Arabic words here translated 'and hit them, but without causing injury or leaving a mark' are a mistranslation.
Muhammad's 'Farewell Sermon' appears in various hadith collections and al-Tabari's History. A short version is found in ''Sunan Ibn Majah''. The Arabic words here translated 'and hit them, but without causing injury or leaving a mark' are a mistranslation.


{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|9|1851}}|Then he said: 'I enjoin good treatment of women, for they are prisoners with you, and you have no right to treat them otherwise, unless they commit clear indecency. If they do that, then forsake them in their beds '''and hit them, but without causing injury or leaving a mark.'''}}
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|9|1851}}|Then he said: 'I enjoin good treatment of women, for they are prisoners with you, and you have no right to treat them otherwise, unless they commit clear indecency. If they do that, then forsake them in their beds '''and hit them, but without causing injury or leaving a mark.'''}}


The highlighted phrase is fadribuhunna darban ghayra mubarrih (فَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ). A literal translation is, 'then beat them, a beating without severity'. The last word is defined in Lane's Lexicon as violence/severity/sharpness/vehemence<ref>[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume1/00000219.pdf Lane's Lexicon] Book I page 182</ref>'.  
The highlighted phrase is fadribuhunna darban ghayra mubarrih (فَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ). A literal translation is, 'then beat them, a beating without severity'. The last word is defined in Lane's Lexicon as violence/severity/sharpness/vehemence<ref>[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume1/00000219.pdf Lane's Lexicon] Book I page 182</ref>.  


The same Arabic phrase appears in the other versions of the farewell sermon. The translators of Sunan Abu Dawud and al-Tabari's History both renders it 'beat them, but not severely'.
The same Arabic phrase appears in the other versions of the farewell sermon. The translators of Sunan Abu Dawud and al-Tabari's History both render it 'beat them, but not severely'.


{{Quote|1=[http://sunnah.com/abudawud/11/185 Abu Dawud 10:1900]|2=Fear Allaah regarding women for you have got them under Allah’s security and have the right to intercourse with them by Allaah’s word. It is a duty from you on them not to allow anyone whom you dislike to lie on your beds but if they do '''beat them, but not severely.'''}}
{{Quote|1=[http://sunnah.com/abudawud/11/185 Abu Dawud 10:1900]|2=Fear Allaah regarding women for you have got them under Allah’s security and have the right to intercourse with them by Allaah’s word. It is a duty from you on them not to allow anyone whom you dislike to lie on your beds but if they do '''beat them, but not severely.'''}}
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The Prophet (ﷺ) in his ailment in which he died, used to say, "O `Aisha! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel '''as if''' my aorta is being cut from that poison."}}
The Prophet (ﷺ) in his ailment in which he died, used to say, "O `Aisha! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel '''as if''' my aorta is being cut from that poison."}}


=== Muhammad forbids imposing conditions found in the hadith===
===Muhammad forbids imposing conditions found in the hadith===
In the following hadith Muhammad says people should not impose conditions which are not present in Allah's Book (كِتَابِ اللَّهِ), which is the Quran. In the English translation by Muhsin Khan this has been mistranslated to 'Allah's Laws' to justify imposing conditions which are found in the hadith.
In the following hadith Muhammad says people should not impose conditions which are not present in Allah's Book (كِتَابِ اللَّهِ), which is the Quran. In the English translation by Muhsin Khan this has been mistranslated to 'Allah's Laws' to justify imposing conditions which are found in the hadith.


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===If ten Jews followed Muhammad, all Jews would embrace Islam===
===If ten Jews followed Muhammad, all Jews would embrace Islam===
In the following hadith Muhammads says that if ten Jews (عَشْرَةٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ) followed him, all Jews would embrace Islam. The hadith has been mistranslated by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui so that it says 'ten scholars of the Jews'. In Muhsin Khan's translation 'amongst their chiefs' has been added in brackets.
In the following hadith Muhammad says that if ten Jews (عَشْرَةٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ) followed him, all Jews would embrace Islam. The hadith has been mistranslated by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui so that it says 'ten scholars of the Jews'. In Muhsin Khan's translation of a similar hadith 'amongst their chiefs' has been added in brackets.


{{Quote|{{Muslim|39|6711}}|
{{Quote|{{Muslim|39|6711}}|
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===Hadith is not translated===
===Hadith is not translated===
The following hadith from Abu Dawud wasn't translated. Instead, it is said that it is basically the same as the previous one.
The following hadith from Abu Dawud was not translated. Instead, it is said that it is basically the same as the previous one.
However, in the previous hadith Muhammad makes it clear that a slave should be manumitted after being beaten by his owner, while in this hadith it is said that the narrator did not mention manumission. In addition, this hadith explicitly mentions the slave being black, while the previous one does not.
However, in the previous hadith Muhammad makes it clear that a slave should be manumitted after being beaten by his owner, while in this hadith it is said that the narrator did not mention manumission. In addition, this hadith explicitly mentions the slave being black, while the previous one does not.


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The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by al-A’mash in a similar way to same way to the same effect through a different chain of narrators.}}
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by al-A’mash in a similar way to same way to the same effect through a different chain of narrators.}}


===Extra part of a verse is recited===
=== Extra part of a verse is recited===
In the following hadith Ibn Abbas recites a verse of the Quran as "‏‏وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ‏‏ '''وَرَهْطَكَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخْلَصِين'''" (And warn your tribe of near kindred '''and your chosen group from among them''') The first part corresponds to {{Quran|26|214}}. But the second part (in bold) is not part of the Quran nowadays. This part is not included in the English translation on quranx.com or sunnah.com, but it is part of [https://archive.org/details/the-translation-of-the-meanings-of-sahih-al-bukhari-translated-by-dr.-muhammad-muhsin-khan/page/n2869/mode/2up Muhsin Khan's translation].
In the following hadith Ibn Abbas recites a verse of the Quran as "‏‏وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ‏‏ '''وَرَهْطَكَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخْلَصِين'''" (And warn your tribe of near kindred '''and your chosen group from among them''') The first part corresponds to {{Quran|26|214}}. But the second part (in bold) is not part of the Quran nowadays. This part is not included in the English translation on quranx.com or sunnah.com, but it is part of [https://archive.org/details/the-translation-of-the-meanings-of-sahih-al-bukhari-translated-by-dr.-muhammad-muhsin-khan/page/n2869/mode/2up Muhsin Khan's translation].


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I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: A group of people from my Umma will continue to fight '''In defence of truth''' and remain triumphant until the Day of judgment.}}
I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: A group of people from my Umma will continue to fight '''In defence of truth''' and remain triumphant until the Day of judgment.}}


=== May Allah kill/curse the Jews ===
===May Allah kill/curse the Jews===
In the following hadith Muhammad asks Allah to kill (قَاتَلَ) the Jews. However, this has been mistranslated as 'curse'. As a result, the hadith does not conflict with {{Quran|21|107}} which says Muhammad is a mercy to the worlds.
In the following hadith Muhammad asks Allah to kill (قَاتَلَ) the Jews. However, this has been mistranslated as 'curse'. As a result, the hadith does not conflict with {{Quran|21|107}} which says Muhammad is a mercy to the worlds.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|438}}|Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|438}}|Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah:
AdrianE
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