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This article discusses the [[Islam|Islamic]] claim that human beings were [[Creation|created]] from clay, and its place within [[Islam and Science|science]] and various other religions. | This article discusses the [[Islam|Islamic]] claim that human beings were [[Creation|created]] from clay, and its place within [[Islam and Science|science]] and various other religions. | ||
== | ==Muslim Claim== | ||
[[Harun Yahya]], and many other Muslims, use the recent scientific hypothesis of clay particles as catalysts for abiogensis as evidence of the veracity of their [[Islam and Scripture|scripture]]. | [[Harun Yahya]], and many other Muslims, use the recent scientific hypothesis of clay particles as catalysts for abiogensis as evidence of the veracity of their [[Islam and Scripture|scripture]]. | ||
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{{Quote||Aruru (Ninmah, Nintu, Ninhursaga, Belet-ili, Mami) | {{Quote||Aruru (Ninmah, Nintu, Ninhursaga, Belet-ili, Mami) | ||
-She is the mother goddess and was responsible for the creation of man with the help of Enlil or Enki. She is also called the womb goddess, and midwife of the gods. On Ea's advice, she acted on his direction and mixed clay with the blood of the god Geshtu-e, in order to shape and birth seven men and seven women. These people would bear the workload of the Igigi. She also added to the creation of Gilgamesh, and, at Anu's command, made Enkidu in Anu's image by pinching off a piece of clay, throwing it into the wilderness, and birthing him there. Ea called her to offer her beloved Ninurta as the one who should hunt Anzu. She does so.<ref>[http://stason.org/TULARC/education-books/assyro-babylonian-mythology/03-The-Older-genealogical-Gods-gods-and-the-heroes-of-the.html The Older (genealogical) Gods (gods and the heroes of the Babylonians)] - Assyro-Babylonian Mythology FAQ, Stason.org</ref><ref name="Christopher B. Siren">Christopher B. Siren (1999) based on John C. Gibson's Canaanite Mythology and S. H. Hooke's Middle Eastern Mythology</ref>}} | -She is the mother goddess and was responsible for the creation of man with the help of Enlil or Enki. She is also called the womb goddess, and midwife of the gods. On Ea's advice, she acted on his direction and mixed clay with the blood of the god Geshtu-e, in order to shape and birth seven men and seven women. These people would bear the workload of the Igigi. She also added to the creation of Gilgamesh, and, at Anu's command, made Enkidu in Anu's image by pinching off a piece of clay, throwing it into the wilderness, and birthing him there. Ea called her to offer her beloved Ninurta as the one who should hunt Anzu. She does so.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://stason.org/TULARC/education-books/assyro-babylonian-mythology/03-The-Older-genealogical-Gods-gods-and-the-heroes-of-the.html|2=2012-12-13}} The Older (genealogical) Gods (gods and the heroes of the Babylonians)] - Assyro-Babylonian Mythology FAQ, Stason.org</ref><ref name="Christopher B. Siren">Christopher B. Siren (1999) based on John C. Gibson's Canaanite Mythology and S. H. Hooke's Middle Eastern Mythology</ref>}} | ||
====Canaan-Ugaritic==== | ====Canaan-Ugaritic==== | ||
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====African==== | ====African==== | ||
{{Quote||The Shilluk, who live along the Nile in the Sudan, say that Juok (God) created men out of clay. He traveled north and found some white clay, out of which he fashioned Europeans. The Arabs were made of reddish-brown clay and the Africans from black earth.<ref>Ileana Fernandez - [http://dickinsg.intrasun.tcnj.edu/diaspora/ileana.html African Creation Stories] - | {{Quote||The Shilluk, who live along the Nile in the Sudan, say that Juok (God) created men out of clay. He traveled north and found some white clay, out of which he fashioned Europeans. The Arabs were made of reddish-brown clay and the Africans from black earth.<ref>Ileana Fernandez - [{{Reference archive|1=http://dickinsg.intrasun.tcnj.edu/diaspora/ileana.html|2=2012-12-13}} African Creation Stories] - The College | ||
of New Jersey, accessed December 14, 2012</ref><ref name="Richard Cavendish">Mythology: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Ed. Richard Cavendish. Silverdale Books. page 141. ISBN 1-85605-794-1</ref>}} | |||
{{Quote||The Pangwe of Cameroun say that God first created a lizard out of clay which he placed in a pool to soak. He left it there for seven days, and then called ‘Man, come out’, and a man emerged instead of a lizard.<ref name="Richard Cavendish"></ref>}} | {{Quote||The Pangwe of Cameroun say that God first created a lizard out of clay which he placed in a pool to soak. He left it there for seven days, and then called ‘Man, come out’, and a man emerged instead of a lizard.<ref name="Richard Cavendish"></ref>}} | ||
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====Ancient Greeks==== | ====Ancient Greeks==== | ||
{{Quote||Prometheus shaped man out of mud, and Athena breathed life into his clay figure.<ref>John M. Hunt - [ | {{Quote||Prometheus shaped man out of mud, and Athena breathed life into his clay figure.<ref>John M. Hunt - [{{Reference archive|1=http://edweb.sdsu.edu/people/bdodge/scaffold/GG/creationMan.html|2=2012-12-13}} The Creation of Man by Prometheus] - San Diego State University, accessed December 14, 2012</ref>}} | ||
====South Californian Amerindians==== | ====South Californian Amerindians==== | ||
{{Quote||Chinigchinich then formed man, both male and female, out of white clay found upon the borders of a lake.<ref> | {{Quote||Chinigchinich then formed man, both male and female, out of white clay found upon the borders of a lake.<ref>Alana Jolley - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.saddleback.edu/faculty/aorrison/holdmystuff/websites/nehweb/juaneno.htm|2=2012-12-13}} Acjachemen Creation Myths] - Saddleback College (National Endowment for the Humanities Seminar), 1997</ref>}} | ||
The ‘creation of humans from clay’ stories are common throughout the world, including far-flung places like Australia and the Pacific Islands which were not in contact with Islam or any of the other Abrahamic | The ‘creation of humans from clay’ stories are common throughout the world, including far-flung places like Australia and the Pacific Islands which were not in contact with Islam or any of the other Abrahamic faiths until recent times. | ||
====Asia==== | ====Asia==== | ||
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A like tale is told, with a curious variation, by the Mundas, a primitive aboriginal tribe of Chota Nagpur. They say that the Sun-god, by name Singbonga, first fashioned two clay figures, one meant to represent a man and the other a woman. | A like tale is told, with a curious variation, by the Mundas, a primitive aboriginal tribe of Chota Nagpur. They say that the Sun-god, by name Singbonga, first fashioned two clay figures, one meant to represent a man and the other a woman. | ||
(According to) the Santals of Bengal… Some say ' she (Malin Budhi) made them (humans) of a kind of froth which proceeded from a supernatural being who dwelt at the bottom of the sea, but others say she made them of a stiff clay.<ref name="James George Frazer">Sir James George Frazer - [http://www.creationism.org/flood/FrazerFolkloreOT_0.htm Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend & Law] - 1918</ref>}} | (According to) the Santals of Bengal… Some say ' she (Malin Budhi) made them (humans) of a kind of froth which proceeded from a supernatural being who dwelt at the bottom of the sea, but others say she made them of a stiff clay.<ref name="James George Frazer">Sir James George Frazer - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.creationism.org/flood/FrazerFolkloreOT_0.htm|2=2012-12-13}} Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend & Law] - 1918</ref>}} | ||
====Australia==== | ====Australia==== | ||