Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence
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According to the Islamic historical narrative, the prophets carrier had two distinct phases, one in Mecca, where his preaching was characterized by a message of peaceful coexistence with the unbelievers combined with preaching on the nature of their sin, shirk, combined with warning of hell fire, and a second phase in Medina, where he was as much of a military figure leading a campaign of conquest as a religious preacher. As such, the scholars have classified the verses of the Qur'an into "Meccan" and "Medinian" verses. The Meccan verses show a strong impulse to pacifism and peaceful coexistence. This contrasts markedly with later "Medinian" verses such as the sword verse, which extol the believers to Jihad with the unbelievers. According to the doctrine of naskh, since the Meccan verses came to Muhammad first, they are abrogated or cancelled by the later Medinian verses when the two contradict one another. Thus "to you your religion, to me a religion" (Qur'an 109:6) is cancelled by the sword verse "fight and slay the mushrikun wherever you find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war)" (Qur'an 9:5).
Qur'an
Invite non-Believers to Islam by preaching to them.
Invite (all) to the Way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious: for thy Lord knoweth best, who have strayed from His Path, and who receive guidance.
Do not readily retaliate when attacked, since Allah will have the evil people destroy themselves.
Seest thou not that We have set the Evil Ones on against the unbelievers, to incite them with fury?
Be patient with the evil words that are said by people.
Had it not been for a Word that went forth before from thy Lord, (their punishment) must necessarily have come; but there is a Term appointed (for respite).
Be patient and let the non-Muslims see that Islam is the true religion.
And if We had inflicted on them a penalty before this, they would have said: "Our Lord! If only Thou hadst sent us a messenger, we should certainly have followed Thy Signs before we were humbled and put to shame."
Turn away from those who reject Islam and say "Peace" to them.
(Allah has knowledge) of the (Prophet's) cry, "O my Lord! Truly these are people who will not believe!"
Non-Muslims shall have their religion and Muslims shall have their religion.
Say : O ye that reject Faith!
I worship not that which ye worship,
Nor will ye worship that which I worship.
And I will not worship that which ye have been wont to worship,
Nor will ye worship that which I worship.
See Also
- Jihad (Primary Sources) - A hub page that leads to other articles related to Jihad (Primary Sources)