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...he few French intellectuals who studied in depth [[Ibn Ishaq]]'s Sira. His studies included the Ottoman Empire and the Pan-Islamic movement. The latter was de

'''Muhammad Sven Kalisch''' is a German professor of Islamic studies at Münster University, one of Germany's oldest and most respected universi ...ried about a violent backlash, telling the professor to move his religious-studies center to more secure premises.<ref name="wsj">Andrew Higgins - [{{Referenc

...mpostor, wreaking havoc" on the Buddhist world.<ref>H. Hoffman, "Kalacakra Studies. I. Manichaeism, Islam, and Christianity in the Kalacakra Tantra", Central ...e Kālacakra Tantra]", Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1998</ref>

.../ref> but later efforts were made to downplay his understanding of Islamic studies and statements were issued that he was "not from the major scholars."<ref>[

...nslations are unreliable, and all criticism of Islam is invalid unless one studies and understands Classical Arabic. There are several problems with this clai

...y:@field(DOCID+af0060) Sunni and Shia Islam] - Library of Congress Country Studies, accessed September 4, 2011</ref> The word "Sunni" comes from the term ''[[

...st Influential Muslims in the World (P. 94)] - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, 2009</ref>

...iyya media often claims that the sect has 200 million adherents worldwide, studies show that Ahmadiyya faith likely has only around 10 million adherents.<ref>

...nd built a mosque in its place.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Israel Oriental Studies|volume=2|title= A note on early Muslim attitudes to idolatry|publisher=Facu

...:@field(DOCID+af0060) "Sunni and Shia Islam"], Library of Congress Country Studies, accessed September 4, 2011.</ref> This concept is not found in the [[Qur'a

...Hakim Ibrahim (2015-02-14). "Ibn Taymīyah, Taqī al-Dīn". ''Oxford Islamic Studies Online''. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on October 18

...oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1332 Lat, al-] - Oxford Islamic Studies Online</ref><ref>Regarding the possibility that Allāt was a contraction of ...Muhammad: A pre-history of the First Peace (Sulh) in Islaw], Modern Asian Studies, 56(3), 776-795. doi:10.1017/S0026749X21000305<BR />

...nian Studies |location=Bethesda, MD, USA |publisher=Foundation for Iranian Studies |accessdate=2012-11-13}}</ref> Bagrat V was an Eastern Orthodox Christian.

...in low percentages, from 2-7%. These numbers are based on many scientific studies: These studies prove conclusively that the number of homosexuals in a society will not und

...blic.<ref>Christopher Buck. Islam and Minorities: The Case of the Bahá'ís. Studies in Contemporary Islam, 5(1):83–106, 2003.</ref> All this hostility despit

...k=Teaching Materials|publisher=The Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York University|separator=,|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> Tutto q

Ignác Goldziher, considered one of the "founder[s] of modern Islamic studies in Europe", wrote the following: ...BN=|editor1=C.R. Barber|editor2=S.M. Stern|ISBN=9780042900094|title=Muslim Studies}}|It is not at all rare in the literature of traditions that sayings are as

...web/20050205152331/http://www.sgs.org.sa/index.cfm?sec=311&page= -->Zamzam Studies and Research Centre] - The Saudi Geological Survey Website</ref> the holies ...web/20050205152331/http://www.sgs.org.sa/index.cfm?sec=311&page= -->Zamzam Studies and Research Centre] - The Saudi Geological Survey Website</ref> the holies

...lim500.com/about-us/ The Muslim 500: About Us]|The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre (MABDA المركز الملكي للبحوث والدراسات ا�

...k=Teaching Materials|publisher=The Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York University|separator=,|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> It is b

...eeting Early Islam: The Sectarian Milieu of Late Antiquity? (Early Islamic Studies Seminar, Milan) (15-19 June 2015): 8</ref><ref>Suleiman A. Mourad, “Mary ...eeting Early Islam: The Sectarian Milieu of Late Antiquity? (Early Islamic Studies Seminar, Milan) (15-19 June 2015): 10. </ref>.

...of the Syriac Cave of Treasures: A Reappraisal] Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 20:1 (2017), 129-229.</ref> It was written in Syriac by Christians from ear

...render] - The New York Sun, September 25, 2006</ref> head of Mediterranean Studies at King's College London, who comments:

..._Saudi_Textbooks_715.pdf Saudi Ministry of Education Textbooks for Islamic Studies: 2007-2008 Academic Year]<BR>Center for Religious Freedom of Hudson Institu

Multiple scientific studies show that the mean (average) perinatal mortality in the Pakistani community

...most relationships between insects and their microbiota remain undefined. Studies with gnotobiotic locusts suggest that the microbiota confers previously une ...hers in eastern Europe, including the former Soviet Union, continued their studies of the potential healing properties of phages. And now that strains of bact

===Studies in Modern Islamic Law and Jurisprudence=== {{Quote|Oussama Arabi, Studies in Modern Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, BRILL, 2001, p. 150 |In the Muslim

...of Posterity'' (Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, 1971), pp. 73-74.</ref>}}

...ud Mustafa Ayoub (born 1938), is a Muslim scholar and professor of Islamic Studies and Comparative Religion at Temple University (USA). ...m their right position.<ref>“Uzayr in the Qur'an and Muslim Tradition” in “Studies in Islamic and Judaic Traditions”, ed. W. M. Brenner and S. D. Ricks, The

...rians have since moderated their claims on the basis of revealing critical studies on the origins and development of the hadith as well as due to the at times

...century Arabs, such as the hijab and fasting, which, in recent scientific studies, have been shown to have a detrimental impact on adherents' physical, finan

...s of the House (Q 2: 127)], Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 72, no. 1, 2009, pp. 25–40 ]<BR />In the Book ...awting's 2017 Presidential Address], Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association, Vol. 3 pp. 25-41</ref> Patricia Crone is widely considered to

...International Qur’anic Studies Association, vol. 3, International Qur’anic Studies Association, 2018, pp. 111–157, https://doi.org/10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005

.../10672918.pdf archive]), PhD thesis, London School of Oriental and African Studies, pp. 151-2 (his source for the poem, given in footnote 1, p. 255 with expan ...and transliterated by Bravmann<ref name="Bravmann">Bravmann, M. M. (1977) Studies in Semitic Philology, Leiden: Brill p.439</ref>)|2=دحاها فلما رآ

...ic of research and academic discussions in Islamic literature and Qur'anic studies.

...and that the safety of urine therapy has not been confirmed by scientific studies.

...ltan, a political scientist at Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies protests that the approach of starting with a conclusion from the Qur'an or

.../10672918.pdf archive]), PhD thesis, London School of Oriental and African Studies, pp. 151-2 (his source for the poem, given in footnote 1, p. 255 with expan ...and transliterated by Bravmann<ref name="Bravmann">Bravmann, M. M. (1977) Studies in Semitic Philology, Leiden: Brill p.439</ref>)|2=دحاها فلما رآ

{{Quote||According to P.P. Grasse in 1971, who held the Chair of Evolutionary Studies in Paris, in Sorbonne University, he said, “It is absurd. We cannot know

...e/</nowiki>[http://www.jstor.org/stable/20181949], also in her ''Collected Studies''(2016).</ref>. ...eeting Early Islam: The Sectarian Milieu of Late Antiquity? (Early Islamic Studies Seminar, Milan) (15-19 June 2015): 10</ref>

This is further evidenced by numerous scientific studies. A study was undertaken in ''Dearborn, Michigan'', the most-concentrated Ar

..., Ahmed, Sadeghi, Behnam, Bonner, et al. The Islamic scholarly tradition : studies in history, law, and thought in honor of Professor Michael Allan Cook. Leid

...rg/stable/40379198 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=223-246 |doi= |access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref> ...ontemplation: The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background (Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East Book 47)]'' Decharneux, Julie

Adam J. Silverstein, professor of Islamic studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, provides the following summary of th

...of Posterity'' (Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, 1971), pp. 73-74.</ref>}}

...of Posterity'' (Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, 1971), pp. 73-74.</ref>}}

...[[Sawm]]'') that have been observed using [[Islam and Science|scientific]] studies and news sources. ...crease in uric acid does not excessively deviate from the normal range and studies have not reported clinical gout (El-Hazmi et al., 1987; Fedail et al., 1982

...The Ṣanʿāʾ Palimpsest: Materializing the Codices], Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 80(1) doi: 10.1086/713473.</ref> Cellard's paper also includes work by Hyt ...he Regionality of Qurʾānic Codices], Journal of the International Qur’anic Studies Association, 5(1) doi:10.5913/jiqsa.5.2020.a005</ref> and to a paper by ano

...s&Area=sd&ID=SP93205 Director of London's Al-Maqreze Centre for Historical Studies Hani Sibai: There are No 'Civilians' in Islamic Law; The Bombing is a Great

...Shah (ed.), Muhammad Abdel Haleem (ed.), "The Oxford Handbook of Qur'anic Studies", Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 122</ref> ...ī: Genealogy, Ethnicity, and the Foundation of a New Community] (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 43, 2016, pp. 1-60)</ref>

...s&Area=sd&ID=SP93205 Director of London's Al-Maqreze Centre for Historical Studies Hani Sibai: There are No 'Civilians' in Islamic Law; The Bombing is a Great

...ral virtuosity in surat al-Ma'idah.'' Journal of the International Quranic Studies Association. 6 (2021): 167-224 (see pp. 205-207)</ref>

...of Posterity'' (Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, 1971), pp. 73-74.</ref>}}For further information, see: [[Qur'an,_Hadith_an ...h) we cannot quote it here in its entirety, though the entire piece in its in-depth referencing of the Qur'an and Hadith is illuminating.{{Quote|The Islamic Ru

...Medical fasting, has numerous adverse effects that have been in scientific studies. Islamic fasting is intermittent, prolonged, water-deprived, and often comb

...sher=BBC News | work=Science and Technology | date=23 August 2010 }}</ref> Studies which apply the equivalent of Moore's Law to evolution have proposed that l

...Muhammad: A pre-history of the First Peace (Sulh) in Islaw], Modern Asian Studies, 56(3), 776-795. doi:10.1017/S0026749X21000305<BR /> ...Shah (ed.), Muhammad Abdel Haleem (ed.), "The Oxford Handbook of Qur'anic Studies", Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 121 ff</ref> Rb smwt in the inscript

...lood/FrazerFolkloreOT_0.htm|2=2012-12-13}} Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend & Law] - 1918</ref>}}

...ntemplation: The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background] (Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East Book 47)''. Decharneux, Julie .... There are many issues with this interpretation. These are discussed more in-depth in the page ''[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]'' and the main ''[[Scient

...</ref><ref>Andrew Rippin, ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 47, ISSN 0041-977X, pp. 26, 38</ref>

...Felicitas and her seven sons. Dr. Albrecht Berger, professor of Byzantine Studies at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat of Munich, affirms that there is a cl ...n, “Stephen of Ephesus and the Legend of the Seven Sleepers,” in Patristic studies (Studi e testi), Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, 1953</ref>

...e argument that he comes up with may be excused before Allaah. But whoever studies the texts of the Qur’aan and Sunnah will know that the view that Hell wil

...university in Sudan, and approved by the Dean of science and postgraduate studies in the university in November 1998 CE, entitled A Study of the Chemical Com

...rer at California Polytechnic State University, and holds a PhD in Islamic studies from the University of Wales.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.cilecenter.org

...pdf Blasphemy law of Islam-Misconceptions and Fallacy], Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture (2015), Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 48-57 DOI: 10.15640/jisc.v3n1a7</ref ...companions” The Life of Muhammad: Al-Waqidi's Kitab al-Maghazi (Routledge Studies in Classical Islam). Faizer, Rizwi [Editor]. Routledge pp.53-54</ref>

Recent scientific studies have also shown that Jews, unlike Muslims or Christians, are reliably ident ...September 28, 2011</ref> Saudi Ministry of Education Textbooks for Islamic Studies:

Recent scientific studies have also shown that Jews, unlike Muslims or Christians, are reliably ident ...September 28, 2011</ref> Saudi Ministry of Education Textbooks for Islamic Studies:

...ntense research and academic discussions in Islamic literature and Quranic studies.

...of Posterity'' (Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, 1971), pp. 73-74.</ref>}}

...st Influential Muslims in the World (P. 94)] - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, 2009</ref> ২০০৫ সালে তাঁর দ্বার�

...nvasion |author=Dr. Daryush Jahanian |work=European Centre for Zoroastrian Studies |publisher= |accessdate=20 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://we ...of Cambridge South Asian Studies, ISSN 0575-6863, Volume 50 of South Asian studies. Cambridge University Press (1992). ISBN 0521405300. p.16.</ref><ref>Mushir

{{Quote||Though there has been no exact figure of child marriages, some studies published in the media suggested that no less than 3,000 girls in the Kingd ...iages. In line with the UN statistics, the Gender Development Research and Studies Centre at Sana’a University carried out a study on early marriage in 2008

...Banū Qurayẓa: A Re-Examination of a Tradition] ''- M. J. Kister, Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 8 (1986): 61-96''

...15: Poetics and Historiography in Service to Religious Exuberance. Hebrew Studies Vol. 58 (2017) pp. 145-172<BR />

....<ref>Oded Peri; Gilbar (Ed), Gad (1990). ''Ottoman Palestine, 1800-1914 : Studies in economic and social history''. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 287. ISBN 978-90-0

...s on the Marian Theme in Muslim-Catholic Dialogue.]" Journal of Ecumenical Studies 36/3 (1999): 439-469</ref>}}

...indexer and ''Everett K. Rowson'' is Associate Professor of Middle Eastern Studies at New York University.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.sunypress.edu

...st Influential Muslims in the World (P. 94)] - The royal islamic strategic studies centre, 2009</ref> and is considered a Muslim scholar and muhaddith (hadith

...yes and nervous system; harmful effects of game sounds on the ears. Modern studies have shown that these games may be addictive and harmful to the nervous sys

...ontemplation: The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background (Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East Book 47) Berlin: De Gruyter.

...ote|Reynolds, Gabriel Said. The Qur'an and its Biblical Subtext (Routledge Studies in the Qur'an) (pp. 212-213). Taylor and Francis.|The pairing of Qorah and ...tus Lecturer in the Early History of Christianity, Department of Religious Studies, University of Pittsburgh) (2019, October 17). [https://www.ancient.eu/arti

...rg/stable/40379198 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=223-246 |doi= |access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref>

...of Posterity'' (Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, 1971), pp. 73-74.</ref>}}

...st Influential Muslims in the World (P. 94)] - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, 2009</ref> recognized as one of the world’s leading authorities o

...ear=10 May 2017 |title=Jihad |encyclopedia=Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies |location=[[Oxford]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=http://www

Various studies of placentas and ultrasound scans have found that between 26% and 53% of im ...ub.eur.nl/res/pub/10474/030924_Galjaard,%20Robert-Jan%20Harmen.pdf Mapping Studies of Congenital Limb Anomalies]. Ablasserdam: Haveka, B.V., 2003, page 16 ([h

...[https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1265265807686340608 Naqad Islamic Studies - Twitter.com]</ref>]] ...International Qur’anic Studies Association, vol. 1, International Qur’anic Studies Association, 2016, pp. 93–125, https://doi.org/10.5913/jiqsa.1.2017.a006.

...[https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1265265807686340608 Naqad Islamic Studies - Twitter.com]</ref>]] ...International Qur’anic Studies Association, vol. 1, International Qur’anic Studies Association, 2016, pp. 93–125, https://doi.org/10.5913/jiqsa.1.2017.a006.

...Constitution of Medina'". ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies''. 41 (1): 1–42. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00057761</ref> In 629, after years

...hose head was being injured with the rock, he is the symbol of the one who studies the Quran and then neither recites it nor acts on its orders, and sleeps, n

...hose head was being injured with the rock, he is the symbol of the one who studies the Quran and then neither recites it nor acts on its orders, and sleeps, n

...the Codices of the Prophet’s Wives], Journal of the International Qurʾanic Studies Association 1 (2016), p. 97</ref>

The statement came as a response to the Tadwin Center for Gender Studies, who has urged the Sheikh of Al-Azhar to reconsider unreliable fatwas relea

Dr. Muhammad Abu Laylah, professor of Islamic Studies and Comparative Religions at Al-Azhar University adds:

...lim500.com/about-us/ The Muslim 500: About Us]|The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre (MABDA المركز الملكي للبحوث والدراسات ا� ...nce has generally been confined to the Western academy (outside of Islamic studies departments) and has, alongside Taylor's work, been all but comprehensively

...rsity credentials assessed and verified so that I can work and complete my studies in Germany. I want to ask about the ruling on working in a pharmacy in this

....pdf&embedded=true/ Kister, M. J. (1993). The Sons of Khadija. ''Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 16'', 59-95.]</ref> Whatever her precise date of birth ...Study of an Early Hadith. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 33'', 267-75.] Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume, pp. 102-103) describes how Zayd ibn A

....pdf&embedded=true/ Kister, M. J. (1993). The Sons of Khadija. ''Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 16'', 59-95.]</ref> Whatever her precise date of birth ...Study of an Early Hadith. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 33'', 267-75.] Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume, pp. 102-103) describes how Zayd ibn A

...ent from every expedition remained behind, they could devote themselves to studies in religion, and admonish the people when they return to them,- that thus t

...-Qasim'', cited in Kister, M. J. (1993). The Sons of Khadijah. ''Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 16'', 59-95.|The Prophet returned with Maysara from Sy