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...//tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Refer |1||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]]||19||La Meca||96

|1||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq : L’Adhérence]]||19||La Mecque||96 |2||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qalam (The Pen)|Al-Qalam : La Plume (Calame)]]||52||La Mecque||68

...//tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Refer |1 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]]||Kapka přilnavá ||19 ||Mekka ||96||العَلَق nebo

...as a mercy from their Lord; and I did it not upon my own command. Such is the interpretation of that wherewith thou couldst not bear.}} ...found Khadir. (And) what happened further to them is narrated in the Holy Qur'an by Allah. (18.54 up to 18.82)|See also: {{bukhari|1|3|78}} }}

...refers to all of the implications of the existence of one god who created the universe and has very specific wishes for his creations. It stands in contr ==The word==

...planations of the Holy Spirit and Gabriel, as the Qur'an claims to confirm the previously revealed scriptures. ==The Holy Spirit==

...so known as grammatical shift or grammatical errors, refers to cases where the Quranic text makes strange grammatical shift in point of view or addressee ...iltifat is the result and evidence of an imprecisely produced or preserved Qur'an.

This article analyzes the Islamic belief that [[Muhammad]] was able to perform [[Islam and Miracles|m ...mmad's life also appear to adaptations of miracle stories from [[People of the Book|earlier faiths]].

...of Isa.jpg|right|thumb|300px|An old Turkish depiction of the ascension of the Islamic Isa.]] ...many fantastic tales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures|apocryphal]] literature.

...ation, by Sandro Botticelli, 1489-90 AD. <BR>According to tafsir text, the Qur'an mentions in two separate places that Allah sent Angel Gabriel to blow into ...hese verses to indicate where Allah/Jibreel blew, and Farj means "vagina." The verse uses "Farjaha" which means "her vagina."

...ur brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that w ...(adopted sons) by (the names of) their fathers. That is more than just in the Sight of Allah." (33.5)|See also: {{bukhari|5|59|335}}, {{bukhari|8|78|656}

[[Category:People of the Book]] ...es of articles discussing the relationship between Islam and the People of the Book.

...s many spiritual gifts to the mujahid, including providing forgiveness for the sins of his family, and guarantees him 72 hour al-'ayn (sex nymphs) for all ==The Rewards of Jihadists==

...s many spiritual gifts to the mujahid, including providing forgiveness for the sins of his family, and guarantees him 72 hour al-'ayn (sex nymphs) for all ==The Rewards of Jihadists==

...rstanding of the science of embryology which was at all more advanced than the pre-scientific, flawed understanding of local cultures. ==Qur'an==

...mples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...embellishes the Old Testament account with the episodes of the hoopoe and the Queen of Sheba exposing her legs.

...ls (like the [[Hajj]]) and festivals (like [[Eid al-Adha]]), as it is with the Islamic calendar that these event correlate. |This is the first "sacred" month in the Islamic lunar calendar

Fitrah (فطرة) is a term in Islamic theology which has many interpretations. The most popular interpretation today is that it's a natural human disposition ==In the Quran==

...in worldly life; and on the Day of Resurrection they will be sent back to the severest of punishment."<ref>{{Quran|2|85}}</ref> ...enge of whose 'eternal existence' had to be quelled through inquisition in the early history of Islam. Orthodox Islamic theologians hold God to be omnipot

...iscussing the fate of the [[People of the Book|people of the book]] in the Qur'an. ==Qur'an==

...Sunni [[Islam]], the Prophet Muhammad is known as '''al-Insān al-Kāmil''' (the perfect human) and '''uswa hasana''' (an excellent model of conduct). This ...ent on these actions as being worse for breaking the contemporary norms of the times these leaders lived in, exceeding even their contemporaries' expectat

...ies or to push certain classical interpretations that are not supported by the Quran itself. ===(5:32) Killing a soul is like killing all of mankind===

...ich hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve ...o the Prophet. It was Friday and the Prophet was standing at 'Arafat (i.e. the Day of Hajj)"|See also: {{bukhari|5|59|689}}, {{bukhari|6|60|130}}, {{bukha

...the foible of Christianity as preached by Jesus as a religion of "turning the other cheek" to aggressors. ...slamic History of the Crusades|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-race-for-paradise-9780190614461?cc=us&lang=en&|page=30|isbn=9780190614461}}

...ar-universal assent in the Muslim world and comprise a fundamental part of the Islamic self-identity. ...wives and extended family shaped at times indirectly and at times directly the religious message he would be reported as having left behind.

...A. Mourad, “Mary in the Qur’an: a reexamination of her presentation,” The Qur'an in its Historical Context, Edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds (2008): 165.</re ...ses were the children of Amram (Imran in Arabic):{{Quote|1 Chronicles 6:3 |The children of Amram:

...se without physical harm, which according to some jurists sometimes may be the case while she was still a minor. ...etheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

...other topics. While mainstream academic scholars and scientists have found the discussion of these topics contained in Islamic scripture to be unremarkabl ==Philosophical concerns regarding the idea of a scientific miracle==

...by the authorities of the Sunni Islam to be the perfect, unerring guide to mankind in all matters. ==Qur'an, Hadith and Sunnah==

...ra revealed (in the Holy Qur'an) is Sura Tauba (i e. al-Bara'at, ix.), and the last verse revealed is that pertaining to Kalala.|See also: {{bukhari|5|59| ...and the Last Day, and striveth in the way of Allah? They are not equal in the sight of Allah. Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.<BR>20. Those who believe

...hich is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya.<ref> ...ewith)) and Allah also swore by what the angels write down of the works of the children of Adam"

...a' that all non-believers who are not Jews or Christians ought to be given the choice of Islam or death, forced conversion in effect. ===Qur'an===

...a' that all non-believers who are not Jews or Christians ought to be given the choice of Islam or death, forced conversion in effect. ===Qur'an===

...eir own lives in accordance with it, on penalty of torturous punishment in the hereafter, alongside unbelievers. ...es must be executed, and cousin marriage is permissible. Broadly speaking, the four schools agree where there is explicit instruction on a legal matter in

...an hope for under a Muslim government is the second-class citizenship of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimmitude|dhimmitude]]. {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy}}

...ran and sunnah and different scholars came up with different lists. Out of the supposed 99 names of Allah, they altogether found at least 276 names. ==The phrase "beautiful names of Allah" mentioned in the Qur'an==

...he favors to heaven and belief and those he despises to unbelief and hell. The fate of individuals, therefore, is ultimately not in their hands but in All ==Qur'an==

...ph is, however, only legally and not theologically binding upon members of the Muslim ummah who consider him legitimate. ...ice between these two, Umar declared his allegiance to Abu Bakr as caliph. The Medinans present, it is said, then followed suit.

...(their ''qibla'', or direction of prayer) five times a day (another one of the Five Pillars of Islam). ...] (which the revelation describes as ''najas'', or "filthy") from entering the city. This law remains in effect until today.

...ent that "jihad fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers is a duty incumbent upon all able-bodied Muslim men. ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

...o makes arguments based off of his understanding a philosophical logic and the comparative study of other religions vis-a-vis Islam. ...nal Trust, and the president of Islamic Dimensions. Naik is the founder of the Islamic International School.

...s payment constitutes an act of [[kufr]] or unbelief. {{Quran|9|60}} gives the definitive set of beneficiaries of zakat. ==Qur'an==

{{Quote|{{Quran-wi|2|115}}|Unto Allah belong the East and the West, and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance. Lo! Allah is {{quote|{{muslim|4|1499}}|Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) used to say prayer on his camel

...Islam, paying it is thus [[fard|mandatory]] for the believer, and denying the necessity of its payment constitutes an act of [[kufr]] or unbelief. ==Qur'an==

...ent that "jihad fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers [[Jihad_as_Obligation_(Fard)|is a duty]] incumbent upon all abl ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

...e replied, "They are not thankful to their husbands and are ungrateful for the favors done to them. Even if you do good to one of them all your life, when ...zing fire"), ''Hutamah'' (lit. "that which shatters"), ''Haawiyah'' (lit. "the abyss").

...blatantly break gender norms are also condemned both by the tradition and the scholars. ==Qur'an==

...phet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...example''' (أسوة حسنة, ''uswa hasana'') for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}

...tinues to be taught in Islamic religious schools, even mainstream ones, to the present day. ==Jihad in the Qur'an==

{{Incompletetranslations|Flat Earth and the Quran|Uzbek}} ...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]]

...a lot more complicated than this, particularly when multiple hadiths with the same/similar message are considered together). ...ers' audiences now have access to the internet which can be used to verify the authenticity of a hadith and, as a result, preachers are wary of quoting ma

...dia of the Islamic World''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. ...e was God's Messenger (''rasūl Allāh''), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.</q>

...doing his rounds amongst his wives. They also agree that he passed away in the arms of Aisha, his most beloved wife. ==Qur'an==

...rnicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe. ...ich is not allowed to overtake it, though they will be brought together on the last day.

...doing his rounds amongst his wives. They also agree that he passed away in the arms of Aisha, his most beloved wife. ==Qur'an==

...phet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...nded to portray Muhammad in a way that would seem positive to believers of the early Islamic era. From a modern secular point of view, many of these repor

...ristian population and the Muslim invaders led by ''Umar Ibn Al-Khattab'', the second [[Rashidun Caliphs|Rightly-guided]] [[Caliph]]. ...existing, internationally recognized state implements the stipulations of the pact.

...the prophet Ezra) and are thus subject to destruction and doom eternal in the Fire. ==Qur'an==

...the prophet Ezra) and are thus subject to destruction and doom eternal in the Fire. ==Qur'an==

...lso be sent there. The hadith also adds in the curious detail that most of the inhabitants of hell are/shall be women. ==Qur'an==

...ggests the importance of rejecting medieval interpretations and not taking the Quran and hadiths as a repository of regulations to be applied at all times ...ent modern Islamic scholars have dissented from the favorable consensus of the Islamic tradition and ruled it to be unlawful.

...nd later), often for various personal gains by the girls' guardian or with the intention to preserve family [[Honor violence|honor]] by helping her avoid ...se without physical harm rather than being linked to a particular age. See the article [[Forced Marriage]] for more detail and for sources of help for tho

...form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually also includes clitoridectomy. ...e (see [[Female Genital Mutilation in Islamic Law#FGM in the Hadith|FGM in the Hadith]]).

...Christian Literature|Judeo-Christian legends of the late antique period]], the legacy of its more immediate surroundings continue to this day in terms of ==History of the name Allah and the Basmala==

...renounces the faith, is death. This punishment is based on the command of the prophet mentioned and practiced by his companions according to hadiths. Thi ...e tradition as inauthentic, in line with their relative skepticism towards the hadith corpus.

...form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. ...routes (Infibulation is associated with the transportation of slaves), and the nature and degree of historical Christian influence (which tends to elimina

...types of instruments are permissable, others that all types are allowed if the music is for halal purposes. Many Sufi orders use music as a form of worshi ==Qur'an==

...am, a fact which explains the huge amount of material the Muslims wrote on the subject. ==Qur'an==

...roviding a comprehensive examination of the different interpretations of [[Qur'an]] 18:86 and 18:90. ...that the sun sets and rises in physical locations, and in particular that the sun sets in a muddy spring.

...he biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). ==Qur'an==

[[File:Alexander the Great.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Alexander the Great depicted with horns on a silver tetradrachm of Lysimachos, circa 297- ...e; it likely never existed and was originally a legendary embellishment of the original Alexander legend.

...he biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). ==Qur'an==

...this standard, inclusive usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in ...rms - however much an improvement in 7th century Arabia - as took place in the ideas of Islamic law that finally emerged.

...n|4|82}} makes the confident assertion: "Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from [any] other than Allah, they would have found within i ...e of the most problematic, of the proposed contradictions are precisely of the theological, and not legal, variety.

...tection as well as the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]] from her husband, and the husband's lust is limited: it is not permissible to engage in anal sex even ...the women to act as they (the husbands) act by them, in all fairness; but the men are a step above them.}}

...ethnicity, and what may be called "race-relations" is a complicated one in the Islamic tradition. ...e of the verses and hadiths that discourage racism (though as mentioned in the introduction, Islamic anti-Semitism is covered in a separate article).

...e Quran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity ...y marvels and especially those marvels accessible to individuals living in the harsh, arid, and rocky environment of early 7th century Arabia.

...d to the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and possible influence from Arab Christians. ...in punishments at the hand of God (being turned into pigs and apes) and at the hand of [[Muhammad]] (being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and e

...mages-nazism-0022.jpg|210px|right|thumb|''Mein Kampf'' is a best-seller in the Islamic World, and is often sold along-side religious literature.<ref name= ...ties permitted to keep to their faiths under Islamic rule, in recent times the Islamic intellectual, social, and political milieu has grafted itself onto

...ssical Islamic scholars noted that there were certain historical claims in the Quran and hadith which, taken literally (as Islamic orthodoxy holds they sh ===Mary as part of the Trinity===

...tection as well as the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]] from her husband, and the husband's lust is limited: it is not permissible to engage in anal sex even ==Men and women in the Quran==

| name = The History of al-Tabari<BR>Volumes 1-40 | image = [[File:The History of al-Tabari.jpg|150px]]

...e Quran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity ...e/how-islam-won-and-lost-the-lead-in-science.html How Islam Won, and Lost, the Lead in Science.]'' Dennis Overbye. 2001. New York Times.

Jihad has been a perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how ...98) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later ch

Jihad has been a perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how ...98) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later ch

...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...en able to avoid statements in the Quran that reinforced misconceptions of the time, caused future generations to have doubts about its perfection, and on {{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}

...n) and some prophecies make predictions about the the future to come after the hadiths were written. Prophecies in this article are from the hadiths. Quranic prophecies have a [[Quranic Prophecies|separate article]].

{{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}} {{Main|Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One}}

...y campaigns and played the role of supreme commander. He also took part in the battles himself, fighting and even being wounded. Jihad was thus a fundamen ...considered to be relatively credible are the letters of 'Urwa b. Zubayr to the late Umayyad court. For further discussion see [[List of expeditions of Muh

...y campaigns and played the role of supreme commander. He also took part in the battles himself, fighting and even being wounded. Jihad was thus a fundamen ...sword). Allah then defeated them. They were then brought and began to take the oath of allegiance to him for Islam...}}